Abstract
The effects of cotton-corn rotation and glyphosate use on levels of soil-borne Aspergillus flavus, aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in corn and cotton seed were determined during 2002-2005 in Stoneville, Mississippi (USA). There were four rotation systems (continuous cotton, continuous corn, cotton-corn and corn-cotton) for both glyphosate-resistant (GR) and non-GR cultivars-herbicide system arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Aspergillus flavus populations in surface (5-cm depth) soil, sampled before planting (March/April), mid-season June) and after harvest (September), ranged from 1.47 to 2.99 log (10) cfu g(-1) soil in the four rotation systems. Propagules of A. flavus were higher in the continuous corn system compared to the continuous cotton system on three sample dates, and cotton rotated with corn decreased A. flavus propagules in three of nine sample dates. Propagules of A. flavus were significantly greater in plots with GR cultivars compared to non-GR cultivars in three samples. In cotton seed, aflatoxin and fumonisin levels were similar (< or = 4 microg kg(-1) and non-detectable, respectively) regardless of rotation and glyphosate. In corn grain, aflatoxin was above the regulatory level (> or = 20 microg kg(-1)) only in GR cultivar in 2004 and 2005. Fumonisin was higher in non-GR cultivar (4 mg kg(-1)) regardless of rotation in 2004; however, in 2002, 2003 and 2005, aflatoxin and fumonisin levels were similar regardless of rotation and glyphosate. These results indicate the potential for increased aflatoxin and fumonisin levels (1 of 4 years) in corn; however, climatic conditions encountered during this study did not allow for mycotoxin production. In laboratory incubation studies, fairly high concentrations of glyphosate were required to inhibit A. flavus growth; however no short-term effect of soil treatment with glyphosate on A. flavus populations were observed. These data suggest that altered populations of A. flavus or higher aflatoxin concentrations in corn grain were due to indirect effects of the GR cropping system.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
A. flavus propagules in soil were higher in continuous corn than in continuous cotton on three sample dates.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- continuous corn systeme1
- Interactor
- A. flavus
Aspergillus flavuse1pathogen - Outcome
- Propagules of A. flavuse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- three sample datese1
- Comparator
- continuous cotton systeme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Propagules of A. flavus were higher in the continuous corn system compared to the continuous cotton system on three sample dates”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton rotated with corn decreased A. flavus propagules in three of nine sample dates.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume1 - Treatment
- rotated with corne1
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse1pathogen
- Outcome
- A. flavus propagulese1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- three of nine sample datese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“cotton rotated with corn decreased A. flavus propagules in three of nine sample dates”
Claim · model-written summary
A. flavus propagules were significantly greater in plots with glyphosate-resistant cultivars than with non-GR cultivars in three samples.
- Taxon
- corn and cottonGossypium hirsutumZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- GR cultivarse1
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse1pathogen
- Outcome
- Propagules of A. flavuse1
- Direction
- greatere1
- Value
- three samplese1
- Comparator
- non-GR cultivarse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Propagules of A. flavus were significantly greater in plots with GR cultivars compared to non-GR cultivars in three samples”
t0“corn and cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Aflatoxin levels in cotton seed were similar (at most 4 microg kg(-1)) regardless of rotation and glyphosate.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- rotation and glyphosatee1
- Outcome
- aflatoxine1
- Direction
- similare1
- Value
- < or = 4 microg kg(-1)e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In cotton seed, aflatoxin and fumonisin levels were similar (< or = 4 microg kg(-1) and non-detectable, respectively) regardless of rotation and glyphosate”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumonisin levels in cotton seed were similar (non-detectable) regardless of rotation and glyphosate.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume1
- Treatment
- rotation and glyphosatee1
- Outcome
- fumonisin levelse1
- Direction
- similare1
- Value
- non-detectablee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In cotton seed, aflatoxin and fumonisin levels were similar (< or = 4 microg kg(-1) and non-detectable, respectively) regardless of rotation and glyphosate”
Claim · model-written summary
In corn grain, aflatoxin was above the regulatory level (at least 20 microg kg(-1)) only in the GR cultivar in 2004 and 2005.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- GR cultivare1
- Outcome
- aflatoxine1
- Direction
- abovee1
- Value
- > or = 20 microg kg(-1)e1
- Qualifier
- 2004 and 2005e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In corn grain, aflatoxin was above the regulatory level (> or = 20 microg kg(-1)) only in GR cultivar in 2004 and 2005”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumonisin was higher in the non-GR cultivar (4 mg kg(-1)) regardless of rotation in 2004.
- Treatment
- non-GR cultivare1
- Outcome
- Fumonisine1
- Direction
- highere1
- Value
- 4 mg kg(-1)e1
- Qualifier
- regardless of rotation in 2004e1
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e1“Fumonisin was higher in non-GR cultivar (4 mg kg(-1)) regardless of rotation in 2004”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2002, 2003 and 2005, aflatoxin and fumonisin levels were similar regardless of rotation and glyphosate.
- Treatment
- rotation and glyphosatee1
- Outcome
- aflatoxin and fumonisin levelse1
- Direction
- similare1
- Qualifier
- 2002, 2003 and 2005e1
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e1“in 2002, 2003 and 2005, aflatoxin and fumonisin levels were similar regardless of rotation and glyphosate”
Claim · model-written summary
In laboratory incubation, fairly high glyphosate concentrations were required to inhibit A. flavus growth.
- Taxon
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse1
- Treatment
- glyphosatee1
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse1pathogen
- Outcome
- A. flavus growthe1
- Direction
- inhibite1
- Qualifier
- fairly high concentrationse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“fairly high concentrations of glyphosate were required to inhibit A. flavus growth”
Claim · model-written summary
No short-term effect of soil treatment with glyphosate on A. flavus populations was observed.
- Taxon
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse1
- Treatment
- soil treatment with glyphosatee1
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse1pathogen
- Outcome
- A. flavus populationse1
- Direction
- no short-term effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“no short-term effect of soil treatment with glyphosate on A. flavus populations were observed”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest that altered A. flavus populations or higher aflatoxin in corn grain were due to indirect effects of the glyphosate-resistant cropping system.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- GR cropping systeme1
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse1pathogen
- Outcome
- altered populations of A. flavuse1
- Qualifier
- indirect effectse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“altered populations of A. flavus or higher aflatoxin concentrations in corn grain were due to indirect effects of the GR cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors state the results indicate a potential for increased aflatoxin and fumonisin levels in corn (1 of 4 years).
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- increased aflatoxin and fumonisin levelse1
- Value
- 1 of 4 yearse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“These results indicate the potential for increased aflatoxin and fumonisin levels (1 of 4 years) in corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil Aspergillus flavus populations ranged from 1.47 to 2.99 log (10) cfu g(-1) soil across the four rotation systems.
- Taxon
- Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse1
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse1pathogen
- Outcome
- Aspergillus flavus populationse1
- Value
- 1.47 to 2.99 log (10) cfu g(-1) soile1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Aspergillus flavus populations in surface (5-cm depth) soil, sampled before planting (March/April), mid-season June) and after harvest (September), ranged from 1.47 to 2.99 log (10) cfu g(-1) soil”
The same questions in other papers
glyphosate · disease · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →rotation · disease · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →rotation · Aspergillus flavus · Zea mays (maize)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.