Abstract
Aluminium, scandium, and iron inhibit the uptake of calcium by week-old barley plants from acid culture solutions (pH 4.0–4.2). The inhibition by scandium can be detected when its ratio to calcium is 1:1000. The onset of the inhibition may be quit rapid and will persist for at least. 24 h in the absence of the polyvalent cation. The inhibition caused by 25 and 50 μM aiuminium sulphate may be overcome if the calicum chloride concentration in the medium is raised to 15mM, but in this situation aluminium still inhibits root growth by more than 50 per cent. Elution experiments show that polyvalent cations reduce the amount of calcium held in the water free space (WFS) and the Donnan free space (DFS) but increase both the exchangeable and absorbed chloide content of the root. Aluminium-treated roots transported much less calcium to the shoot system than untreated plants. Autoradiographs showed that this difference was reflected in a greatly reduced labelled-calcium concentration over the tissues of the stele. By contrast the non-exchangeable fraction of labelled calicum in the cortex was similar in both treatments. Autoradiographs of 46Sc showed that it was restricted to the epidermis and outer rank of cortical cells from whence it controls calicum movement throughout the root. A theory to account for this control is outlined.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium, scandium and iron inhibited calcium uptake by week-old barley plants from acid culture solutions.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- Aluminium, scandium, and irone0
- Outcome
- uptake of calciume0
- Direction
- inhibite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Aluminium, scandium, and iron inhibit the uptake of calcium by week-old barley plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Scandium inhibited calcium uptake by barley at a scandium-to-calcium ratio of 1:1000.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- scandiume1
- Outcome
- inhibitione1
- Value
- 1:1000e1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminium, scandium, and iron inhibit the uptake of calcium by week-old barley plants”
e1“The inhibition by scandium can be detected when its ratio to calcium is 1:1000”
Claim · model-written summary
The onset of the inhibition in barley was rapid and persisted for at least 24 h in the absence of the polyvalent cation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- onset of the inhibitione2
- Value
- 24 he2
- Qualifier
- in the absence of the polyvalent catione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminium, scandium, and iron inhibit the uptake of calcium by week-old barley plants”
e2“The onset of the inhibition may be quit rapid and will persist for at least. 24 h in the absence of the polyvalent cation”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium still inhibited barley root growth by more than 50% when calcium chloride was raised to 15 mM.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- aluminiume3
- Outcome
- root growthe3
- Direction
- inhibitse3
- Value
- more than 50 per cente3
- Qualifier
- raised to 15mMe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminium, scandium, and iron inhibit the uptake of calcium by week-old barley plants”
e3“may be overcome if the calicum chloride concentration in the medium is raised to 15mM, but in this situation aluminium still inhibits root growth by more than 50 per cent”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyvalent cations reduced the amount of calcium held in the water free space and the Donnan free space of barley roots.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- polyvalent cationse4
- Outcome
- the amount of calcium held in the water free space (WFS) and the Donnan free space (DFS)e4
- Direction
- reducee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminium, scandium, and iron inhibit the uptake of calcium by week-old barley plants”
e4“polyvalent cations reduce the amount of calcium held in the water free space (WFS) and the Donnan free space (DFS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Polyvalent cations increased the exchangeable and absorbed chloride content of barley roots.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- polyvalent cationse4
- Outcome
- exchangeable and absorbed chloide content of the roote5
- Direction
- increasee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminium, scandium, and iron inhibit the uptake of calcium by week-old barley plants”
e4“polyvalent cations reduce the amount of calcium held in the water free space (WFS) and the Donnan free space (DFS)”
e5“increase both the exchangeable and absorbed chloide content of the root”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium-treated barley roots transported much less calcium to the shoot system than untreated plants.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Aluminiume6
- Outcome
- calcium to the shoot systeme6
- Direction
- lesse6
- Comparator
- untreated plantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminium, scandium, and iron inhibit the uptake of calcium by week-old barley plants”
e6“Aluminium-treated roots transported much less calcium to the shoot system than untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Autoradiographs showed a greatly reduced labelled-calcium concentration over the stele of aluminium-treated barley roots.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Aluminiume6
- Outcome
- labelled-calcium concentration over the tissues of the stelee7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Comparator
- untreated plantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminium, scandium, and iron inhibit the uptake of calcium by week-old barley plants”
e6“Aluminium-treated roots transported much less calcium to the shoot system than untreated plants”
e7“Autoradiographs showed that this difference was reflected in a greatly reduced labelled-calcium concentration over the tissues of the stele”
Claim · model-written summary
The non-exchangeable fraction of labelled calcium in the cortex was similar in aluminium-treated and untreated barley roots.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Aluminiume6
- Outcome
- non-exchangeable fraction of labelled calicum in the cortexe3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Comparator
- untreated plantse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminium, scandium, and iron inhibit the uptake of calcium by week-old barley plants”
e6“Aluminium-treated roots transported much less calcium to the shoot system than untreated plants”
e3“the non-exchangeable fraction of labelled calicum in the cortex was similar in both treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
46Sc was restricted to the epidermis and outer cortical cells of barley roots.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- restricted to the epidermis and outer rank of cortical cellse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminium, scandium, and iron inhibit the uptake of calcium by week-old barley plants”
e1“Autoradiographs of 46Sc showed that it was restricted to the epidermis and outer rank of cortical cells”
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