Abstract
Soil salinity and alkalinity seriously threaten rice production in south Asia. Improving screening methodologies to identify sources of tolerance for improved breeding for salt tolerant rice is of continuing importance. Rice genotypes of varying salt tolerance, such as tolerant (T), semi-tolerant (ST), and sensitive (S), were grown in field lysimeters in saline soil of EC e 4 and 8 mS cm -1 and alkali soil of pH 9.5 and 9.8 in North India and analyzed for chlorophyll (Chl), sugar, starch and proline in leaves. Chlorophyll a and b decreased due to salinity in all the tolerance groups. However, Chl a was not much affected but chl b increased with alkalinity. Under high stress both at EC e 8 and pH 9.8 Chl a and b were more in tolerant than in sensitive genotypes. The ratio of Chl a/b was similar in T, ST and S genotypes under salinity stress. Sugar accumulation was higher in T compared to S under normal conditions but under salinity or alkalinity stress the differences were not significant. Leaf starch was highest in T, intermediate in ST and lowest in S genotypes in normal as well as under salinity and alkalinity stress. There was decrease in starch with salinity and alkalinity stress only in T group but not in ST and S group. Proline increased significantly in all the tolerance groups even at low salinity of EC e 4 mS cm -1 or pH 9.5. The salt tolerant genotypes of rice maintained higher levels of Chl a and b, starch and proline under high salinity and alkalinity stress and are the robust criteria for tolerating high salinity and alkalinity.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity decreased chlorophyll a and b in all rice tolerance groups
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll a and be0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Setting
- field lysimeterse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotypes of Varying Salt Tolerance”
e0“Chlorophyll a and b decreased due to salinity in all the tolerance groups”
e1“analyzed for chlorophyll (Chl), sugar, starch and proline in leaves”
e2“grown in field lysimeters in saline soil of EC e 4 and 8 mS cm -1”
Claim · model-written summary
Alkalinity increased chlorophyll b in rice
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- alkalinitye3
- Outcome
- chl be3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotypes of Varying Salt Tolerance”
e3“Chl a was not much affected but chl b increased with alkalinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll a was not much affected by alkalinity in rice
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- alkalinitye3
- Outcome
- Chl ae3
- Direction
- not much affectede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotypes of Varying Salt Tolerance”
e3“Chl a was not much affected but chl b increased with alkalinity”
Claim · model-written summary
Under high stress at EC 8 and pH 9.8, chlorophyll a and b were higher in tolerant than in sensitive rice genotypes
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- tolerante4
- Treatment
- high stresse4
- Outcome
- Chl a and be4
- Direction
- moree4
- Comparator
- sensitive genotypese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotypes of Varying Salt Tolerance”
e4“Under high stress both at EC e 8 and pH 9.8 Chl a and b were more in tolerant than in sensitive genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The chlorophyll a/b ratio was similar in T, ST and S rice genotypes under salinity stress
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- T, ST and S genotypese5
- Treatment
- salinity stresse5
- Outcome
- ratio of Chl a/be5
- Direction
- similare5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotypes of Varying Salt Tolerance”
e5“The ratio of Chl a/b was similar in T, ST and S genotypes under salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar accumulation was higher in tolerant than in sensitive rice genotypes under normal conditions
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Te6
- Treatment
- normal conditionse6
- Outcome
- Sugar accumulatione6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- Se6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotypes of Varying Salt Tolerance”
e6“Sugar accumulation was higher in T compared to S under normal conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar differences between tolerant and sensitive rice genotypes were not significant under salinity or alkalinity stress
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- salinity or alkalinity stresse7
- Outcome
- Sugar accumulatione6
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotypes of Varying Salt Tolerance”
e6“Sugar accumulation was higher in T compared to S under normal conditions”
e7“under salinity or alkalinity stress the differences were not significant”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf starch was highest in tolerant rice genotypes under normal, salinity and alkalinity conditions
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Te1
- Treatment
- normal as well as under salinity and alkalinity stresse1
- Outcome
- Leaf starche1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- intermediate in ST and lowest in S genotypese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotypes of Varying Salt Tolerance”
e1“Leaf starch was highest in T, intermediate in ST and lowest in S genotypes in normal as well as under salinity and alkalinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Starch decreased under salinity and alkalinity stress only in the tolerant rice group
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- T groupe1
- Treatment
- salinity and alkalinity stresse1
- Outcome
- starche1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Comparator
- ST and S groupe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotypes of Varying Salt Tolerance”
e1“There was decrease in starch with salinity and alkalinity stress only in T group but not in ST and S group”
Claim · model-written summary
Proline increased significantly in all rice tolerance groups at low salinity or pH 9.5
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- low salinity of EC e 4 mS cm -1 or pH 9.5e1
- Outcome
- Prolinee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotypes of Varying Salt Tolerance”
e1“Proline increased significantly in all the tolerance groups even at low salinity of EC e 4 mS cm -1 or pH 9.5”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt tolerant rice genotypes maintained higher levels of chlorophyll a and b, starch and proline under high salinity and alkalinity stress
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- salt tolerant genotypese1
- Treatment
- high salinity and alkalinity stresse1
- Outcome
- levels of Chl a and b, starch and prolinee1
- Direction
- highere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotypes of Varying Salt Tolerance”
e1“The salt tolerant genotypes of rice maintained higher levels of Chl a and b, starch and proline under high salinity and alkalinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll, starch and proline are robust criteria for tolerating high salinity and alkalinity in rice
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- robust criteria for tolerating high salinity and alkalinitye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Genotypes of Varying Salt Tolerance”
e1“are the robust criteria for tolerating high salinity and alkalinity”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.