Abstract
The infection of plants with pathogens results in the induction of defence reactions as well as changes in carbohydrate metabolism. On the one hand, the pathogen attempts to manipulate the carbohydrate metabolism of the plant for its own advantage. On the other, the plant has to reorganize carbon fluxes to ensure fight against the pathogen. In order to further investigate the connection between pathogen infection and carbohydrate metabolism, the effects of two types of pathogen, biotrophic and necrotrophic, on gene expression, endogenous sugar levels and photosynthesis of tomato plants were analysed. Photosynthetic gene expression was downregulated on infection with Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea . In contrast, expression of a sink‐specific gene encoding a cell wall invertase and of defence genes was induced by both pathogens. These results provide evidence for a co‐regulation of defence, sink and photosynthetic gene expression in planta in response to both types of pathogen. The brassinosteroid‐containing plant restorative ComCat enhanced resistance against B. cinerea and counter‐regulated the repression of photosynthetic gene expression. Endogenous sugar levels decreased and the hexose to sucrose ratio increased on treatment with B. cinerea . The application of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging revealed the spatio‐temporal heterogeneity of the pathogen response. At 24 h after infection, inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport was restricted to the direct vicinity of the infection site, which was surrounded by a circle of increased photosynthetic activity. The photosynthesis of the remaining leaf was not affected at this stage. These results show the usefulness of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging for the assessment of the complex spatio‐temporal changes and for the definition of the areas relevant for other types of determination, e.g. gene expression.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas syringae infection downregulated photosynthetic gene expression.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- infection with Pseudomonas syringaee0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Outcome
- Photosynthetic gene expressione0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthetic gene expression was downregulated on infection with Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea .”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Botrytis cinerea infection downregulated photosynthetic gene expression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Botrytis cinereae0
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- Photosynthetic gene expressione0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthetic gene expression was downregulated on infection with Pseudomonas syringae and Botrytis cinerea .”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Both pathogens induced cell-wall invertase gene expression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- both pathogense0
- Gene
- cell wall invertasee0
- Outcome
- expression of a sink‐specific gene encoding a cell wall invertasee0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of a sink‐specific gene encoding a cell wall invertase and of defence genes was induced by both pathogens.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Both pathogens induced defense gene expression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- both pathogense0
- Outcome
- defence genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“expression of a sink‐specific gene encoding a cell wall invertase and of defence genes was induced by both pathogens.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ComCat increased resistance to B. cinerea.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ComCate0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- resistance against B. cinereae0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The brassinosteroid‐containing plant restorative ComCat enhanced resistance against B. cinerea”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ComCat counteracted repression of photosynthetic gene expression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ComCate0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- photosynthetic gene expressione0
- Direction
- counter‐regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The brassinosteroid‐containing plant restorative ComCat enhanced resistance against B. cinerea and counter‐regulated the repression of photosynthetic gene expression.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
B. cinerea treatment decreased endogenous sugar levels.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treatment with B. cinereae0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- Endogenous sugar levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endogenous sugar levels decreased and the hexose to sucrose ratio increased on treatment with B. cinerea .”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
B. cinerea treatment increased the hexose-to-sucrose ratio.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treatment with B. cinereae0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- hexose to sucrose ratioe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Endogenous sugar levels decreased and the hexose to sucrose ratio increased on treatment with B. cinerea .”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
At 24 h, electron transport was inhibited near the infection site.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- direct vicinity of the infection sitee0
- Outcome
- inhibition of photosynthetic electron transporte0
- Value
- 24 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 24 h after infection, inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport was restricted to the direct vicinity of the infection site”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
At 24 h, photosynthetic activity increased around the infection site.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which was surrounded by a circle of increased photosynthetic activity.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Photosynthesis elsewhere on the leaf was unaffected at that stage.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- photosynthesis of the remaining leafe0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The photosynthesis of the remaining leaf was not affected at this stage.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging resolved spatial and temporal heterogeneity in pathogen response.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- spatio‐temporal heterogeneity of the pathogen responsee0
Not reportedComparatorValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The application of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging revealed the spatio‐temporal heterogeneity of the pathogen response.”
t0“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
Pseudomonas syringae · molecular: expression · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
Botrytis cinerea · molecular: expression · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →infection · molecular: expression · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 26 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
34 papers more in this group
See all 38 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.