Abstract
Suboptimal growth conditions, such as low rhizosphere temperature, high salinity, and low pH can negatively affect the rhizobia-legume symbioses, resulting in poor nodulation and lower amounts of nitrogen fixed. Early stages of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] symbiosis, such as excretion of genistein (the plant-to-bacteria signal) and infection initiation can be inhibited by abiotic stresses; however, the effect on early events modulated by Nod factors (bacteria-to-plant signalling), particularly root hair deformations is unknown. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of Nod factor by soybean root hairs under three stress conditions: low temperature, low pH, and high salinity. Three experiments were conducted using a 1:1 ratio of Nod Bj-V (C(18:1), MeFuc) and Nod Bj-V (Ac, C(16:0), MeFuc). Nod factor induced four types of root hair deformation (HAD), wiggling, bulging, curling, and branching. Under optimal experimental conditions root hair response to the three levels of Nod factor tested (10(-6), 10(-8), and 10(-10) M) was dose-dependent. The highest frequency of root hair deformations was elicited by the 10(-6) M level. Root hair deformation decreased with temperature (25, 17, and 15 degrees C), low pH, and high salinity. Nod factor concentration did not interact with either low temperature or pH. However, salinity strongly inhibited HAD responses to increases in Nod factor concentration. Thus, the addition of higher levels of Nod factor is able to overcome the effects of low pH and temperature stress, but not salinity.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Nod factor induced wiggling, bulging, curling and branching of soybean root hairs.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- root haire0
- Treatment
- Nod factore0
- Outcome
- root hair deformation (HAD), wiggling, bulging, curling, and branchinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nod factor induced four types of root hair deformation (HAD), wiggling, bulging, curling, and branching”
t0“soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] root hairs”
Claim · model-written summary
Root-hair response to the three tested Nod-factor levels was dose dependent under optimal conditions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Nod factore0
- Outcome
- root hair responsee0
- Qualifier
- optimal experimental conditionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under optimal experimental conditions root hair response to the three levels of Nod factor tested (10(-6), 10(-8), and 10(-10) M) was dose-dependent”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest root-hair deformation frequency occurred at 10(-6) M Nod factor.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 10(-6) M levele0
- Outcome
- frequency of root hair deformationse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest frequency of root hair deformations was elicited by the 10(-6) M level”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Root-hair deformation decreased as temperature fell.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- temperature (25, 17, and 15 degrees C)e0
- Outcome
- Root hair deformatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root hair deformation decreased with temperature (25, 17, and 15 degrees C), low pH, and high salinity”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Low pH decreased root-hair deformation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- low pHe0
- Outcome
- Root hair deformatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root hair deformation decreased with temperature (25, 17, and 15 degrees C), low pH, and high salinity”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
High salinity decreased root-hair deformation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- high salinitye0
- Outcome
- Root hair deformatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root hair deformation decreased with temperature (25, 17, and 15 degrees C), low pH, and high salinity”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Nod-factor concentration did not interact with low temperature or pH.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- did not interact with either low temperature or pHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nod factor concentration did not interact with either low temperature or pH”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity strongly inhibited root-hair deformation responses to increasing Nod factor concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- HAD responsese0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity strongly inhibited HAD responses to increases in Nod factor concentration”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher Nod-factor levels overcame low-pH and temperature stress effects but not salinity effects.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- overcome the effects of low pH and temperature stress, but not salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of higher levels of Nod factor is able to overcome the effects of low pH and temperature stress, but not salinity”
t0“soybean”
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See all 116 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.