Abstract
Abstract Growth of a legume in acid soils can be limited by the effects of infertility factors on the growth of the host plant per se or on nodulation and nodule function. Effects of varying solution pH (4.5, 5.0, 5.5) and external calcium (Ca) concentration (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 m M ) on growth and nodulation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Fitzroy] were investigated in a solution culture experiment. Total dry matter production was not influenced by pH; however, shoot growth increased while root growth decreased with increasing solution pH. Increase in Ca concentration significantly increased shoot dry weight at pH 5.0 and 5.5. At pH 4.5, appearance of the first nodule was delayed, and nodule number and nodule dry weight per plant were lower than at higher pH. Nodule number and dry weight per plant were not affected by Ca concentration at pH 4.5 but increased significantly with increasing Ca concentration at pH 5.0. At pH 5.5, nodule number per plant decreased, but nodule dry weight increased as Ca concentration increased from 0.5 to 2.5 m M . Further experiments were conducted at pH 4.5 with 0.5 m M Ca concentration to investigate the effects of monomeric aluminum (Al) activity (∑ a A1 mono ) on the growth of soybean supplied with adequate inorganic N and on growth and nodulation of plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum . Shoot and root weights declined linearly with increase in ∑ a Al mono , with the critical ∑ a Al mono (90% of yield in Alfree treatment) ranging from 5 to 9 µ M . Nodulation was totally inhibited in solutions with ∑ a Al mono ≥ 27.8 µ M . The critical ∑ a A1 mono for nodule number and for nodule dry weight per plant were approximately 0.4 µ M .
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Solution pH did not influence total dry matter production of soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- solution pHe1
- Outcome
- Total dry matter productione2
- Direction
- not influencede2
- Setting
- solution culture experimente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Effects of varying solution pH (4.5, 5.0, 5.5) and external calcium (Ca) concentration (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 m M ) on growth and nodulation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Fitzroy] were investigated in a solution culture experiment.”
e2“Total dry matter production was not influenced by pH”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot growth of soybean increased with increasing solution pH.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- solution pHe3
- Outcome
- shoot growthe3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Setting
- solution culture experimente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Effects of varying solution pH (4.5, 5.0, 5.5) and external calcium (Ca) concentration (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 m M ) on growth and nodulation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Fitzroy] were investigated in a solution culture experiment.”
e3“shoot growth increased while root growth decreased with increasing solution pH”
Claim · model-written summary
Root growth of soybean decreased with increasing solution pH.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- solution pHe3
- Outcome
- root growthe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Setting
- solution culture experimente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Effects of varying solution pH (4.5, 5.0, 5.5) and external calcium (Ca) concentration (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 m M ) on growth and nodulation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Fitzroy] were investigated in a solution culture experiment.”
e3“shoot growth increased while root growth decreased with increasing solution pH”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Ca concentration significantly increased soybean shoot dry weight at pH 5.0 and 5.5.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Increase in Ca concentratione4
- Outcome
- shoot dry weighte4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- at pH 5.0 and 5.5e4
- Setting
- solution culture experimente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Effects of varying solution pH (4.5, 5.0, 5.5) and external calcium (Ca) concentration (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 m M ) on growth and nodulation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Fitzroy] were investigated in a solution culture experiment.”
e4“Increase in Ca concentration significantly increased shoot dry weight at pH 5.0 and 5.5.”
Claim · model-written summary
At pH 4.5, first nodule appearance in soybean was delayed.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- pH 4.5e5
- Outcome
- appearance of the first nodulee5
- Direction
- delayede5
- Setting
- solution culture experimente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Effects of varying solution pH (4.5, 5.0, 5.5) and external calcium (Ca) concentration (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 m M ) on growth and nodulation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Fitzroy] were investigated in a solution culture experiment.”
e5“At pH 4.5, appearance of the first nodule was delayed, and nodule number and nodule dry weight per plant were lower than at higher pH.”
Claim · model-written summary
At pH 4.5, nodule number and nodule dry weight per soybean plant were lower than at higher pH.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- pH 4.5e5
- Outcome
- nodule number and nodule dry weight per plante5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Comparator
- higher pHe5
- Setting
- solution culture experimente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Effects of varying solution pH (4.5, 5.0, 5.5) and external calcium (Ca) concentration (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 m M ) on growth and nodulation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Fitzroy] were investigated in a solution culture experiment.”
e5“At pH 4.5, appearance of the first nodule was delayed, and nodule number and nodule dry weight per plant were lower than at higher pH.”
Claim · model-written summary
At pH 4.5, Ca concentration did not affect soybean nodule number or nodule dry weight.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Ca concentratione6
- Outcome
- Nodule number and dry weight per plante6
- Direction
- not affectede6
- Qualifier
- at pH 4.5e6
- Setting
- solution culture experimente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Effects of varying solution pH (4.5, 5.0, 5.5) and external calcium (Ca) concentration (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 m M ) on growth and nodulation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Fitzroy] were investigated in a solution culture experiment.”
e6“Nodule number and dry weight per plant were not affected by Ca concentration at pH 4.5 but increased significantly with increasing Ca concentration at pH 5.0.”
Claim · model-written summary
At pH 5.0, nodule number and nodule dry weight per soybean plant increased significantly with increasing Ca concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- increasing Ca concentratione6
- Outcome
- Nodule number and dry weight per plante6
- Direction
- increasede6
- Qualifier
- at pH 5.0e6
- Setting
- solution culture experimente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Effects of varying solution pH (4.5, 5.0, 5.5) and external calcium (Ca) concentration (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 m M ) on growth and nodulation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Fitzroy] were investigated in a solution culture experiment.”
e6“Nodule number and dry weight per plant were not affected by Ca concentration at pH 4.5 but increased significantly with increasing Ca concentration at pH 5.0.”
Claim · model-written summary
At pH 5.5, nodule number per soybean plant decreased as Ca concentration rose from 0.5 to 2.5 mM.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Ca concentratione7
- Outcome
- nodule number per plante7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Qualifier
- At pH 5.5e7
- Setting
- solution culture experimente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Effects of varying solution pH (4.5, 5.0, 5.5) and external calcium (Ca) concentration (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 m M ) on growth and nodulation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Fitzroy] were investigated in a solution culture experiment.”
e7“At pH 5.5, nodule number per plant decreased, but nodule dry weight increased as Ca concentration increased from 0.5 to 2.5 m M .”
Claim · model-written summary
At pH 5.5, nodule dry weight per soybean plant increased as Ca concentration rose from 0.5 to 2.5 mM.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Ca concentratione7
- Outcome
- nodule dry weighte7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Qualifier
- At pH 5.5e7
- Setting
- solution culture experimente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Effects of varying solution pH (4.5, 5.0, 5.5) and external calcium (Ca) concentration (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 m M ) on growth and nodulation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Fitzroy] were investigated in a solution culture experiment.”
e7“At pH 5.5, nodule number per plant decreased, but nodule dry weight increased as Ca concentration increased from 0.5 to 2.5 m M .”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot and root weights of soybean declined linearly with increasing monomeric aluminium activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- ∑ a Al monoe2
- Outcome
- Shoot and root weightse2
- Direction
- declinede2
- Qualifier
- linearlye2
- Setting
- solution culture experimente1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Effects of varying solution pH (4.5, 5.0, 5.5) and external calcium (Ca) concentration (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 m M ) on growth and nodulation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Fitzroy] were investigated in a solution culture experiment.”
e2“Shoot and root weights declined linearly with increase in ∑ a Al mono”
Claim · model-written summary
The critical monomeric Al activity giving 90% of soybean yield was 5 to 9 µM.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- critical ∑ a Al mono (90% of yield in Alfree treatment)e3
- Value
- 5 to 9 µ Me3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Effects of varying solution pH (4.5, 5.0, 5.5) and external calcium (Ca) concentration (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 m M ) on growth and nodulation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Fitzroy] were investigated in a solution culture experiment.”
e3“the critical ∑ a Al mono (90% of yield in Alfree treatment) ranging from 5 to 9 µ M”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodulation of soybean was totally inhibited at monomeric Al activity of 27.8 µM or more.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- ∑ a Al monoe4
- Outcome
- Nodulatione4
- Direction
- totally inhibitede4
- Value
- ≥ 27.8 µ Me4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Effects of varying solution pH (4.5, 5.0, 5.5) and external calcium (Ca) concentration (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 m M ) on growth and nodulation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Fitzroy] were investigated in a solution culture experiment.”
e4“Nodulation was totally inhibited in solutions with ∑ a Al mono ≥ 27.8 µ M”
Claim · model-written summary
The critical monomeric Al activity for nodule number of soybean was about 0.4 µM.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- critical ∑ a A1 mono for nodule numbere5
- Value
- approximately 0.4 µ Me5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Effects of varying solution pH (4.5, 5.0, 5.5) and external calcium (Ca) concentration (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 m M ) on growth and nodulation of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Fitzroy] were investigated in a solution culture experiment.”
e5“The critical ∑ a A1 mono for nodule number and for nodule dry weight per plant were approximately 0.4 µ M”
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