Abstract
Potassium citrate (10 mM, pH 6) inhibits the growth of cultured (Glycine max L.) cells when urea is the sole nitrogen source. Ureadependent citrate toxicity is overcome by three separate additions to the growth medium: (a) NH(4)Cl (20 mM); (b) high levels of MgCl(2) (10 mM) or CaCl(2) (5-10 mM); (c) low levels of NiSO(4) (10(-2) mM). Additions of 10(-2) mM NiSO(4) not only overcome citrate growth inhibition but the resultant growth is usually better than urea-supported growth in basal medium (neither added citrate nor added nickel). In the absence of added citrate, exceedingly low levels of NiSO(4) (10(-4) mM) strongly stimulate urea-supported growth in suspension cultures.Citrate does not inhibit growth when arginine is sole nitrogen source. However, cells using arginine have no net urease synthesis in the presence of 10 mM potassium citrate. When 10(-2) mM NiSO(4) is added to this medium, urease specific activity is 10 times that observed in basal medium lacking both citrate and added nickel.Citrate is a chelator of divalent cations. That additional Mg(2+) or Ca(2+) alleviates urea-dependent citrate toxicity indicates that citrate is acting by chelation, probably of another trace divalent cation; this is probably Ni(2+) since at 10(-2) mM it overcomes citrate toxicity and at 10(-4) mM it stimulates urea-supported growth in the absence of citrate. That ammonia overcomes citrate toxicity indicates that the trace Ni(2+) is essential specifically for the conversion of urea to ammonia. Ni(2+) stimulation of urease levels in arginine-grown cells supports this contention.In basal medium, soybean cells grow slowly with urea nitrogen source presumably because the trace amounts of Ni(2+) present (</=10(-6) mM) are growth-limiting.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium citrate inhibited cultured soybean growth with urea as sole nitrogen source.
- Taxon
- Glycine max L.
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- Potassium citrate (10 mM, pH 6)e0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
- Qualifier
- urea is the sole nitrogen sourcee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium citrate (10 mM, pH 6) inhibits the growth of cultured (Glycine max L.) cells when urea is the sole nitrogen source.”
e1“Glycine max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
NH(4)Cl overcame urea-dependent citrate toxicity.
- Taxon
- Glycine max L.Glycine maxe1
- Treatment
- NH(4)Cl (20 mM)e0
- Outcome
- Ureadependent citrate toxicitye0
- Direction
- overcomee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ureadependent citrate toxicity is overcome by three separate additions to the growth medium: (a) NH(4)Cl (20 mM); (b) high levels of MgCl(2) (10 mM) or CaCl(2) (5-10 mM); (c) low levels of NiSO(4) (10(-2) mM).”
e1“Glycine max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
MgCl(2) overcame urea-dependent citrate toxicity.
- Taxon
- Glycine max L.Glycine maxe1
- Treatment
- MgCl(2) (10 mM)e0
- Outcome
- Ureadependent citrate toxicitye0
- Direction
- overcomee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ureadependent citrate toxicity is overcome by three separate additions to the growth medium: (a) NH(4)Cl (20 mM); (b) high levels of MgCl(2) (10 mM) or CaCl(2) (5-10 mM); (c) low levels of NiSO(4) (10(-2) mM).”
e1“Glycine max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
CaCl(2) overcame urea-dependent citrate toxicity.
- Taxon
- Glycine max L.Glycine maxe1
- Treatment
- CaCl(2) (5-10 mM)e0
- Outcome
- Ureadependent citrate toxicitye0
- Direction
- overcomee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ureadependent citrate toxicity is overcome by three separate additions to the growth medium: (a) NH(4)Cl (20 mM); (b) high levels of MgCl(2) (10 mM) or CaCl(2) (5-10 mM); (c) low levels of NiSO(4) (10(-2) mM).”
e1“Glycine max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
NiSO(4) overcame urea-dependent citrate toxicity.
- Taxon
- Glycine max L.Glycine maxe1
- Treatment
- NiSO(4) (10(-2) mM)e0
- Outcome
- Ureadependent citrate toxicitye0
- Direction
- overcomee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ureadependent citrate toxicity is overcome by three separate additions to the growth medium: (a) NH(4)Cl (20 mM); (b) high levels of MgCl(2) (10 mM) or CaCl(2) (5-10 mM); (c) low levels of NiSO(4) (10(-2) mM).”
e1“Glycine max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
NiSO(4) with citrate generally gave better growth than basal urea medium.
- Taxon
- Glycine max L.Glycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 10(-2) mM NiSO(4)e0
- Outcome
- resultant growthe0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- urea-supported growth in basal mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additions of 10(-2) mM NiSO(4) not only overcome citrate growth inhibition but the resultant growth is usually better than urea-supported growth in basal medium (neither added citrate nor added nickel).”
e1“Glycine max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Very low NiSO(4) strongly stimulated growth without added citrate.
- Taxon
- Glycine max L.Glycine maxe1
- Treatment
- NiSO(4) (10(-4) mM)e0
- Outcome
- urea-supported growthe0
- Direction
- strongly stimulatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the absence of added citrate, exceedingly low levels of NiSO(4) (10(-4) mM) strongly stimulate urea-supported growth in suspension cultures.”
e1“Glycine max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Citrate did not inhibit growth with arginine as sole nitrogen source.
- Taxon
- Glycine max L.Glycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Citratee0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- does not inhibite0
- Qualifier
- arginine is sole nitrogen sourcee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Citrate does not inhibit growth when arginine is sole nitrogen source.”
e1“Glycine max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Arginine-grown cells had no net urease synthesis with citrate.
- Taxon
- Glycine max L.Glycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 10 mM potassium citratee0
- Outcome
- no net urease synthesise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cells using arginine have no net urease synthesis in the presence of 10 mM potassium citrate.”
e1“Glycine max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nickel addition raised urease specific activity tenfold relative to basal medium.
- Taxon
- Glycine max L.Glycine maxe1
- Treatment
- 10(-2) mM NiSO(4)e0
- Outcome
- urease specific activitye0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 10 timese0
- Comparator
- basal medium lacking both citrate and added nickele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When 10(-2) mM NiSO(4) is added to this medium, urease specific activity is 10 times that observed in basal medium lacking both citrate and added nickel.”
e1“Glycine max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer citrate toxicity acts through cation chelation, probably nickel.
- Taxon
- Glycine max L.Glycine maxe1
- Compound
- Ni(2+)e0
- Outcome
- citrate is acting by chelatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“citrate is acting by chelation, probably of another trace divalent cation; this is probably Ni(2+)”
e1“Glycine max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer trace nickel is specifically needed for conversion of urea to ammonia.
- Taxon
- Glycine max L.Glycine maxe1
- Compound
- Ni(2+)e0
- Outcome
- conversion of urea to ammoniae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“trace Ni(2+) is essential specifically for the conversion of urea to ammonia”
e1“Glycine max L.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer trace nickel limits soybean growth on basal urea medium.
- Taxon
- Glycine max L.Glycine maxe1
- Compound
- Ni(2+)e0
- Outcome
- grow slowlye0
- Qualifier
- urea nitrogen sourcee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In basal medium, soybean cells grow slowly with urea nitrogen source presumably because the trace amounts of Ni(2+) present (</=10(-6) mM) are growth-limiting.”
e1“Glycine max L.”
The same questions in other papers
ph · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
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See all 34 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.