Abstract
In a non-model staple crop like wheat (Triticum aestivumI L.), functional validation of potential drought stress responsive genes identified in Arabidopsis could provide gene targets for breeding. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of genes of interest can overcome the inherent problems of polyploidy and limited transformation potential that hamper functional validation studies in wheat. In this study, three potential candidate genes shown to be involved in abiotic stress response pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana were selected for VIGS experiments in wheat. These include Era1 (enhanced response to abscisic acid), Cyp707a (ABA 8'-hydroxylase), and Sal1 (inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase). Gene homologues for these three genes were identified in wheat and cloned in the viral vector barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) in the antisense direction, followed by rub inoculation of BSMV viral RNA transcripts onto wheat plants. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that VIGS-treated wheat plants had significant reductions in target gene transcripts. When VIGS-treated plants generated for Era1 and Sal1 were subjected to limiting water conditions, they showed increased relative water content, improved water use efficiency, reduced gas exchange, and better vigour compared to water-stressed control plants inoculated with RNA from the empty viral vector (BSMV0). In comparison, the Cyp707a-silenced plants showed no improvement over BSMV0-inoculated plants under limited water condition. These results indicate that Era1 and Sal1 play important roles in conferring drought tolerance in wheat. Other traits affected by Era1 silencing were also studied. Delayed seed germination in Era1-silenced plants suggests this gene may be a useful target for developing resistance to pre-harvest sprouting.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat homologues of Era1, Cyp707a and Sal1 were identified.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Gene
- Era1e1
- Outcome
- Gene homologues for these three genes were identifiede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gene homologues for these three genes were identified in wheat”
e1“These include Era1 (enhanced response to abscisic acid), Cyp707a (ABA 8'-hydroxylase), and Sal1 (inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase)”
Claim · model-written summary
VIGS significantly reduced target gene transcripts in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- VIGS-treatede0
- Outcome
- target gene transcriptse0
- Direction
- reductionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“VIGS-treated wheat plants had significant reductions in target gene transcripts”
Claim · model-written summary
Era1 silencing improved water content, water use efficiency and vigour during water limitation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- VIGS-treated plants generated for Era1e0
- Gene
- Era1e0
- Outcome
- relative water content, improved water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- limiting water conditionse0
- Comparator
- water-stressed control plants inoculated with RNA from the empty viral vector (BSMV0)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When VIGS-treated plants generated for Era1 and Sal1 were subjected to limiting water conditions, they showed increased relative water content, improved water use efficiency, reduced gas exchange, and better vigour compared to water-stressed control plants inoculated with RNA from the empty viral vector (BSMV0)”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivumI L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sal1 silencing improved water content, water use efficiency and vigour during water limitation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- VIGS-treated plants generated for Era1 and Sal1e0
- Gene
- Sal1e0
- Outcome
- relative water content, improved water use efficiencye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- limiting water conditionse0
- Comparator
- water-stressed control plants inoculated with RNA from the empty viral vector (BSMV0)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When VIGS-treated plants generated for Era1 and Sal1 were subjected to limiting water conditions, they showed increased relative water content, improved water use efficiency, reduced gas exchange, and better vigour compared to water-stressed control plants inoculated with RNA from the empty viral vector (BSMV0)”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivumI L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Era1 and Sal1 silencing reduced gas exchange during water limitation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- VIGS-treated plants generated for Era1 and Sal1e0
- Gene
- Era1 and Sal1e0
- Outcome
- gas exchangee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- water-stressed control plants inoculated with RNA from the empty viral vector (BSMV0)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When VIGS-treated plants generated for Era1 and Sal1 were subjected to limiting water conditions, they showed increased relative water content, improved water use efficiency, reduced gas exchange, and better vigour compared to water-stressed control plants inoculated with RNA from the empty viral vector (BSMV0)”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivumI L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyp707a silencing gave no improvement under limited water.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Cyp707a-silencede0
- Gene
- Cyp707ae0
- Outcome
- improvemente0
- Direction
- no improvemente0
- Comparator
- BSMV0-inoculated plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Cyp707a-silenced plants showed no improvement over BSMV0-inoculated plants under limited water condition”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivumI L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Era1 silencing delayed seed germination.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Era1-silencede0
- Gene
- Era1e0
- Outcome
- seed germinatione0
- Direction
- Delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Delayed seed germination in Era1-silenced plants”
e1“wheat (Triticum aestivumI L.)”
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