Abstract
Receptor-like kinases form the largest family of receptors in plants and play an important role in recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns and modulating the plant immune responses to invasive fungi, including cereal defences against fungal diseases. But hitherto, none have been shown to modulate the wheat response to the economically important Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease of small-grain cereals. Homologous genes were identified on barley chromosome 6H (HvLRRK-6H) and wheat chromosome 6DL (TaLRRK-6D), which encode the characteristic domains of surface-localized receptor like kinases. Gene expression studies validated that the wheat TaLRRK-6D is highly induced in heads as an early response to both the causal pathogen of FHB disease, Fusarium graminearum, and its’ mycotoxic virulence factor deoxynivalenol. The transcription of other wheat homeologs of this gene, located on chromosomes 6A and 6B, was also up-regulated in response to F. graminearum. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the barley HvLRRK-6H compromised leaf defense against F. graminearum. VIGS of TaLRRK-6D in two wheat cultivars, CM82036 (resistant to FHB disease) and cv. Remus (susceptible to FHB), confirmed that TaLRRK-6D contributes to basal resistance to FHB disease in both genotypes. Although the effect of VIGS did not generally reduce grain losses due to FHB, this experiment did reveal that TaLRRK-6D positively contributes to grain development. Further gene expression studies in wheat cv. Remus indicated that VIGS of TaLRRK-6D suppressed the expression of genes involved in salicylic acid signaling, which is a key hormonal pathway involved in defence. Thus, this study provides the first evidence of receptor like kinases as an important component of cereal defence again Fusarium and highlights this gene as a target for enhancing cereal resistance to FHB disease.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
TaLRRK-6D is highly induced in wheat heads as an early response to Fusarium graminearum.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Organ / stage
- headse1
- Treatment
- Fusarium graminearume1
- Interactor
- Fusarium graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume1pathogen - Gene
- TaLRRK-6De1
- Outcome
- early responsee1
- Direction
- highly inducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“the wheat TaLRRK-6D is highly induced in heads as an early response to both the causal pathogen of FHB disease, Fusarium graminearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Transcription of other wheat homeologs of TaLRRK-6D was also up-regulated in response to F. graminearum.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- F. graminearume2
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume2pathogen
- Gene
- other wheat homeologs of this genee2
- Outcome
- transcriptione2
- Direction
- up-regulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The transcription of other wheat homeologs of this gene, located on chromosomes 6A and 6B, was also up-regulated in response to F. graminearum”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus-induced gene silencing of the barley HvLRRK-6H compromised leaf defense against F. graminearum.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree3 - Organ / stage
- leafe3
- Treatment
- Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS)e3
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume3pathogen
- Gene
- HvLRRK-6He3
- Outcome
- leaf defensee3
- Direction
- compromisede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e3“Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the barley HvLRRK-6H compromised leaf defense against F. graminearum”
Claim · model-written summary
VIGS of TaLRRK-6D in wheat cultivars CM82036 and cv. Remus confirmed that TaLRRK-6D contributes to basal resistance to FHB disease in both genotypes.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Material
- CM82036 (resistant to FHB disease) and cv. Remus (susceptible to FHB)e4
- Treatment
- VIGS of TaLRRK-6De4
- Gene
- TaLRRK-6De4
- Outcome
- basal resistance to FHB diseasee4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“VIGS of TaLRRK-6D in two wheat cultivars, CM82036 (resistant to FHB disease) and cv. Remus (susceptible to FHB), confirmed that TaLRRK-6D contributes to basal resistance to FHB disease in both genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
VIGS of TaLRRK-6D did not generally reduce grain losses due to FHB.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- VIGSe5
- Gene
- TaLRRK-6De6
- Outcome
- grain losses due to FHBe5
- Direction
- did not generally reducee5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Although the effect of VIGS did not generally reduce grain losses due to FHB”
e6“VIGS of TaLRRK-6D in two wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
TaLRRK-6D positively contributes to grain development in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Treatment
- VIGSe5
- Gene
- TaLRRK-6De7
- Outcome
- grain developmente7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“this experiment did reveal that TaLRRK-6D positively contributes to grain development”
e5“Although the effect of VIGS did not generally reduce grain losses due to FHB”
e6“VIGS of TaLRRK-6D in two wheat cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
VIGS of TaLRRK-6D suppressed the expression of genes involved in salicylic acid signaling in wheat cv. Remus.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Material
- cv. Remuse1
- Treatment
- VIGS of TaLRRK-6De1
- Gene
- TaLRRK-6De1
- Compound
- salicylic acide1
- Outcome
- expression of genes involved in salicylic acid signalinge1
- Direction
- suppressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Further gene expression studies in wheat cv. Remus indicated that VIGS of TaLRRK-6D suppressed the expression of genes involved in salicylic acid signaling, which is a key hormonal pathway involved in defence”
Claim · model-written summary
Receptor-like kinases are an important component of cereal defence against Fusarium, according to this study.
FusariumNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“this study provides the first evidence of receptor like kinases as an important component of cereal defence again Fusarium”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors highlight TaLRRK-6D as a target for enhancing cereal resistance to FHB disease.
Verbatim
e1“highlights this gene as a target for enhancing cereal resistance to FHB disease”
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