Abstract
In addition to phytoalexin synthesis, the defense response of intact Citrus limon seedlings against Alternaria alternata involves both constitutive and induced enzyme activities such as chitinases (Ch) and beta-1,3-glucanases (Glu). A alternata conidial germination was prevented by protein extracts from inoculated lemon seedlings, but also by extracts from mock-inoculated specimens. On the other hand, degradation of mycelia was accomplished only by protein extracts from inoculated seedlings. The presence of six Ch isoenzymes and of four Glu isoenzymes was detected in protein extracts from mock-inoculated seedlings. As a result of fungal inoculation, the isoenzyme pattern of Ch and Glu changed, making possible the detection of a new Ch isoenzyme and of three new Glu. Also, some constitutive Ch and Glu increased their enzyme activity, and those Ch that increased their activity also showed a broadening of their substrate specificity. These changes were prevented by alpha-amanitin and cycloheximide, suggesting that the presence of new Ch and Glu isoenzymes was due to de novo synthesis of proteins. Results suggest that constitutive Ch and Glu could act as pre-formed defense molecules in Citrus limon preventing A. alternata germination, while those induced after fungal inoculation of lemon seedlings could act along with the former, to produce lysis of fungal mycelia, resulting in a more efficient control of A. alternata development.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Extracts from inoculated and mock-inoculated lemon seedlings prevented conidial germination.
- Taxon
- lemon
Citrus ×limone0 - Interactor
- A alternata
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Alternaria alternatae0pathogen - Outcome
- A alternata conidial germinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“A alternata conidial germination was prevented by protein extracts from inoculated lemon seedlings, but also by extracts from mock-inoculated specimens”
Claim · model-written summary
Only extracts from inoculated seedlings degraded mycelia.
- Taxon
- Citrus limonCitrus ×limont0
- Interactor
- Alternaria alternataAlternaria alternatat0pathogen
- Outcome
- degradation of myceliae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“degradation of mycelia was accomplished only by protein extracts from inoculated seedlings”
t0“The development of Alternaria alternata is prevented by chitinases and ß-1,3- glucanases from Citrus limon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mock-inoculated seedlings contained six Ch isoenzymes and four Glu isoenzymes.
- Taxon
- Citrus limonCitrus ×limont0
- Gene
- Ch isoenzymese0
- Outcome
- six Ch isoenzymes and of four Glu isoenzymese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of six Ch isoenzymes and of four Glu isoenzymes was detected in protein extracts from mock-inoculated seedlings”
t0“Citrus limon”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal inoculation produced a new Ch isoenzyme and three new Glu isoenzymes.
- Taxon
- Citrus limonCitrus ×limont0
- Treatment
- fungal inoculatione0
- Gene
- Ch and Glue0
- Outcome
- a new Ch isoenzyme and of three new Glue0
- Direction
- changede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“As a result of fungal inoculation, the isoenzyme pattern of Ch and Glu changed, making possible the detection of a new Ch isoenzyme and of three new Glu”
t0“Citrus limon”
Claim · model-written summary
Some constitutive Ch and Glu increased activity.
- Taxon
- Citrus limonCitrus ×limont0
- Gene
- Ch and Glue0
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some constitutive Ch and Glu increased their enzyme activity”
t0“Citrus limon”
Claim · model-written summary
Ch isoenzymes with increased activity broadened substrate specificity.
- Taxon
- Citrus limonCitrus ×limont0
- Gene
- Che0
- Outcome
- substrate specificitye0
- Direction
- broadeninge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those Ch that increased their activity also showed a broadening of their substrate specificity”
t0“Citrus limon”
Claim · model-written summary
Alpha-amanitin and cycloheximide prevented the enzyme changes.
- Taxon
- Citrus limonCitrus ×limont0
- Treatment
- alpha-amanitin and cycloheximidee0
- Outcome
- These changese0
- Direction
- preventede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These changes were prevented by alpha-amanitin and cycloheximide”
t0“Citrus limon”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer new Ch and Glu isoenzymes arose through de novo protein synthesis.
- Taxon
- Citrus limonCitrus ×limont0
- Gene
- Ch and Glue0
- Outcome
- presence of new Ch and Glu isoenzymese0
- Qualifier
- de novo synthesis of proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“suggesting that the presence of new Ch and Glu isoenzymes was due to de novo synthesis of proteins”
t0“Citrus limon”