Abstract
Although brassinosteroids (BRs) are known to regulate shoot growth, their role in the regulation of root growth is less clear. We show that low concentrations of BRs such as 24-epicastasterone and 24-epibrassinolide promote root elongation in Arabidopsis wild-type plants up to 50% and in BR-deficient mutants such as dwf1-6 (cbb1) and cbb3 (which is allelic to cpd) up to 150%. The growth-stimulating effect of exogenous BRs is not reduced by the auxin transport inhibitor 2,3,5-triidobenzoic acid. BR-deficient mutants show normal gravitropism, and 2,3,5-triidobenzoic acid or higher concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and naphtaleneacetic acid inhibit root growth in the mutants to the same extent as in wild-type plants. Simultaneous administration of 24-epibrassinolide and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid results in largely additive effects. Exogenous gibberellins do not promote root elongation in the BR-deficient mutants, and the sensitivity to the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid is not altered. Thus, the root growth-stimulating effect of BRs appears to be largely independent of auxin and gibberellin action. Furthermore, we analyzed BR interactions with other phytohormones on the gene expression level. Only a limited set of auxin- and ethylene-related genes showed altered expression levels. Genes related to other phytohormones barely showed changes, providing further evidence for an autonomous stimulatory effect of BR on root growth.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Low brassinosteroid concentrations promoted wild-type Arabidopsis root elongation by up to 50%.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsise0 - Material
- wild-type plantse0
- Treatment
- low concentrations of BRse0
- Outcome
- root elongatione0
- Direction
- promotee0
- Value
- 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We show that low concentrations of BRs such as 24-epicastasterone and 24-epibrassinolide promote root elongation in Arabidopsis wild-type plants up to 50% and in BR-deficient mutants such as dwf1-6 (cbb1) and cbb3 (which is allelic to cpd) up to 150%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low brassinosteroid concentrations promoted root elongation in BR-deficient mutants by up to 150%.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Material
- BR-deficient mutantse0
- Treatment
- low concentrations of BRse0
- Outcome
- root elongatione0
- Direction
- promotee0
- Value
- 150%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We show that low concentrations of BRs such as 24-epicastasterone and 24-epibrassinolide promote root elongation in Arabidopsis wild-type plants up to 50% and in BR-deficient mutants such as dwf1-6 (cbb1) and cbb3 (which is allelic to cpd) up to 150%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Auxin transport inhibition did not reduce brassinosteroid stimulation of root growth.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- auxin transport inhibitor 2,3,5-triidobenzoic acide0
- Outcome
- growth-stimulating effect of exogenous BRse0
- Direction
- not reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth-stimulating effect of exogenous BRs is not reduced by the auxin transport inhibitor 2,3,5-triidobenzoic acid.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
BR-deficient mutants showed normal gravitropism.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- BR-deficient mutantse0
- Outcome
- normal gravitropisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BR-deficient mutants show normal gravitropism”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The auxin transport inhibitor suppressed root growth equally in BR mutants and wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- 2,3,5-triidobenzoic acide0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2,3,5-triidobenzoic acid or higher concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and naphtaleneacetic acid inhibit root growth in the mutants to the same extent as in wild-type plants.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
High 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid concentrations suppressed mutant root growth as in wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- higher concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acide0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2,3,5-triidobenzoic acid or higher concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and naphtaleneacetic acid inhibit root growth in the mutants to the same extent as in wild-type plants.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
High naphtaleneacetic acid concentrations suppressed mutant root growth as in wild type.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- naphtaleneacetic acide0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibite0
- Comparator
- wild-type plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“2,3,5-triidobenzoic acid or higher concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and naphtaleneacetic acid inhibit root growth in the mutants to the same extent as in wild-type plants.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-application of 24-epibrassinolide and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid had largely additive effects.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Simultaneous administration of 24-epibrassinolide and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acide0
- Outcome
- largely additive effectse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Simultaneous administration of 24-epibrassinolide and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid results in largely additive effects.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous gibberellins did not promote root elongation in BR-deficient mutants.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- BR-deficient mutantse0
- Treatment
- Exogenous gibberellinse0
- Outcome
- root elongatione0
- Direction
- do not promotee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exogenous gibberellins do not promote root elongation in the BR-deficient mutants”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
BR deficiency did not alter sensitivity to an ethylene precursor.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- sensitivity to the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acide0
- Direction
- not alterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the sensitivity to the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid is not altered”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Only a limited set of auxin- and ethylene-related genes changed expression.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- auxin- and ethylene-related genese0
- Outcome
- altered expression levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only a limited set of auxin- and ethylene-related genes showed altered expression levels.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
Genes related to other phytohormones showed little expression change.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- Genes related to other phytohormonese0
- Outcome
- barely showed changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genes related to other phytohormones barely showed changes”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that brassinosteroid stimulation of root growth is largely independent of auxin and gibberellin action.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- root growth-stimulating effect of BRse0
- Qualifier
- largely independent of auxin and gibberellin actione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the root growth-stimulating effect of BRs appears to be largely independent of auxin and gibberellin action”
t0“Arabidopsis”
The same questions in other papers
class · growth · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
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