Abstract
Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Lindwall) was sown in 2 experiments in 1995 and 1 experiment in 1996 in the eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia to examine the effect of varying moisture supply during grain filling on grain and malting quality. Drip irrigation (T-tape) to the soil surface was used to simulate rainfall. Plots were sown without rainout shelters and no rain fell during the linear phase of grain filling in all 3 experiments. The control plot received no irrigation. Irrigation treatments in 1995 were a once only 25 mm application at either 80, 185, 270, or 460 growing degree-days after awn emergence. Irrigation treatments in 1996 were a once-only 25-mm application at either 185 or 460 growing degree-days after awn emergence or a weekly irrigation treatment of 25 mm (total application of 75 mm over 3 irrigations). No attempt was made to compensate for evaporation or to match plant demand. This study demonstrated improvements in grain plumpness, grain quality, and malting quality with a single 25-mm irrigation during the early linear stages of grain filling (20–40% complete as percentage of final grain weight) in water stressed plants. The irrigation resulted in increased average grain weight, grain yield, amount of maltable grain, and malt extract and decreased the amount of grain passing through a 2.5-mm slotted sieve, grain protein concentration and diastase. This single irrigation, however, was not sufficient to change screening levels to meet receival standards for malting barley and demonstrated the effect of moisture stress on narrow-grained cultivars such as Lindwall. A single irrigation earlier than 20% grain fill completed had a smaller effect on grain plumpness, grain quality, and malting quality. A single irrigation during the latter part of grain filling (>90% grain fill completed) had little or no effect on grain plumpness, grain quality, or malting quality. Weekly irrigation in 1996 had a bigger effect than a single irrigation and demonstrated the environmental limitation to quality in that season. Weekly irrigation increased average grain weight by 10 mg relative to control plots, reduced screenings from 88% to 18% through a 2.5-mm sieve, increased grain yields by 88%, increased malt extract by 3%, and decreased diastase by 116 pabah. There was no effect on grain modification or wort viscosity. Viscometric analysis of the barley flour showed a higher time to peak viscosity of the control, which suggests that gelatinisation temperatures were being decreased by irrigation in 1996.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Early linear grain-fill irrigation improved grain plumpness, grain quality, and malting quality.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Treatment
- single 25-mm irrigation during the early linear stages of grain fillinge0
- Outcome
- grain plumpness, grain quality, and malting qualitye0
- Direction
- improvementse0
- Qualifier
- 20–40% complete as percentage of final grain weighte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“improvements in grain plumpness, grain quality, and malting quality with a single 25-mm irrigation during the early linear stages of grain filling (20–40% complete as percentage of final grain weight) in water stressed plants”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Early irrigation increased average grain weight, grain yield, and maltable grain.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- average grain weight, grain yield, amount of maltable graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The irrigation resulted in increased average grain weight, grain yield, amount of maltable grain, and malt extract”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Early irrigation increased malt extract.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- malt extracte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The irrigation resulted in increased average grain weight, grain yield, amount of maltable grain, and malt extract”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Early irrigation decreased screenings, grain protein concentration, and diastase.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- grain filling moisturet0
- Outcome
- amount of grain passing through a 2.5-mm slotted sieve, grain protein concentration and diastasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased the amount of grain passing through a 2.5-mm slotted sieve, grain protein concentration and diastase”
t0“barley are influenced by grain filling moisture”
Claim · model-written summary
Single irrigation did not bring screenings to malting receival standards.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- single irrigatione0
- Outcome
- screening levels to meet receival standardse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This single irrigation, however, was not sufficient to change screening levels to meet receival standards for malting barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation before 20% grain fill had a smaller quality effect.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- single irrigation earlier than 20% grain fill completede0
- Outcome
- grain plumpness, grain quality, and malting qualitye0
- Direction
- smaller effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A single irrigation earlier than 20% grain fill completed had a smaller effect on grain plumpness, grain quality, and malting quality.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Late grain-fill irrigation had little or no quality effect.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- single irrigation during the latter part of grain fillinge0
- Outcome
- grain plumpness, grain quality, or malting qualitye0
- Direction
- little or no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A single irrigation during the latter part of grain filling (>90% grain fill completed) had little or no effect on grain plumpness, grain quality, or malting quality.”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly irrigation had a bigger effect than a single irrigation in 1996.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Weekly irrigatione0
- Outcome
- bigger effecte0
- Direction
- bigger effecte0
- Comparator
- a single irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weekly irrigation in 1996 had a bigger effect than a single irrigation”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly irrigation increased average grain weight by 10 mg.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Weekly irrigatione0
- Outcome
- average grain weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10 mge0
- Comparator
- control plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weekly irrigation increased average grain weight by 10 mg relative to control plots”
t0“barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly irrigation reduced screenings from 88% to 18%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- grain filling moisturet0
- Outcome
- screeningse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 18%e0
- Qualifier
- 88%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced screenings from 88% to 18% through a 2.5-mm sieve”
t0“barley are influenced by grain filling moisture”
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly irrigation increased grain yields by 88%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- grain filling moisturet0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 88%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased grain yields by 88%”
t0“barley are influenced by grain filling moisture”
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly irrigation increased malt extract by 3%.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- grain filling moisturet0
- Outcome
- malt extracte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased malt extract by 3%”
t0“barley are influenced by grain filling moisture”
Claim · model-written summary
Weekly irrigation decreased diastase by 116 pabah.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- grain filling moisturet0
- Outcome
- diastasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 116 pabahe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased diastase by 116 pabah”
t0“barley are influenced by grain filling moisture”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation had no effect on grain modification or wort viscosity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- grain filling moisturet0
- Outcome
- grain modification or wort viscositye0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was no effect on grain modification or wort viscosity.”
t0“barley are influenced by grain filling moisture”
Claim · model-written summary
Control barley flour had a higher time to peak viscosity.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- grain filling moisturet0
- Outcome
- time to peak viscositye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Viscometric analysis of the barley flour showed a higher time to peak viscosity of the control”
t0“barley are influenced by grain filling moisture”
Claim · model-written summary
The viscosity finding suggests irrigation decreased gelatinisation temperatures in 1996.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- gelatinisation temperaturese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“which suggests that gelatinisation temperatures were being decreased by irrigation in 1996”
t0“barley”
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