Abstract
Volunteer corn (VC) in hybrid corn has become more prevalent in recent years and can reduce grain yield. Nitrogen (N) management can influence VC interference in corn. Field experiments were established to determine the effects of N fertilizer management and VC interference on hybrid corn growth and grain yield. Treatments consisted of three VC densities (control, 0 plants m −2 ; low density, 1 plant m −2 ; high density, 4 plants m −2 ) and six N fertilizer treatments (0 kg N ha −1 , 67 kg N ha −1 at planting, 67 kg N ha −1 at planting + 133 kg N ha −1 at V5 corn growth stage, 67 kg N ha −1 at planting + 133 kg N ha −1 at V10 corn growth stage, 200 kg N ha −1 at V5 corn growth stage, and 200 kg N ha −1 at V10 corn growth stage). The effect of VC on hybrid corn was dependent on N rate. When 200 kg N ha −1 was applied, regardless of application timing, hybrid corn dry weight, hybrid corn N content, and hybrid corn grain yield were reduced by the high VC density. However, when VC grain yield was added to hybrid corn grain yield, VC density did not affect total grain yield. When 0 and 67 kg N ha −1 were applied, neither hybrid corn dry weight nor hybrid corn N content was affected by either VC density, but the high VC density reduced hybrid corn grain yield for both N rates by 19% and total grain yield by 9 and 10%, respectively. Application timing of N fertilizer had no effect on hybrid corn dry weight, N content, or grain yield. However, late N fertilizer applications (200 kg N ha −1 at V10 and 67 kg N ha −1 at planting +133 kg N ha −1 at V10) resulted in greater VC N content, VC grain yield, and total yield. Assuming the harvestability of VC, the ability of a late N treatment (V10) to maximize total grain yield allows growers to use a late N application to reduce the competitive effects of VC in hybrid corn.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
At 200 kg N per hectare, high volunteer corn density reduced hybrid corn dry weight, N content and grain yield regardless of N timing.
- Taxon
- hybrid corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- high VC densitye1
- Interactor
- Volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- hybrid corn dry weight, hybrid corn N content, and hybrid corn grain yielde1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- regardless of application timinge1
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Volunteer corn (VC) in hybrid corn”
e1“When 200 kg N ha −1 was applied, regardless of application timing, hybrid corn dry weight, hybrid corn N content, and hybrid corn grain yield were reduced by the high VC density”
e2“Treatments consisted of three VC densities (control”
Claim · model-written summary
High volunteer corn density reduced hybrid corn grain yield by 19% at both 0 and 67 kg N ha −1.
- Taxon
- hybrid cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- high VC densitye3
- Interactor
- Volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- hybrid corn grain yielde3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 19%e3
- Qualifier
- for both N ratese3
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Volunteer corn (VC) in hybrid corn”
e2“Treatments consisted of three VC densities (control”
e3“the high VC density reduced hybrid corn grain yield for both N rates by 19% and total grain yield by 9 and 10%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
High volunteer corn density reduced total grain yield by 9 and 10% at the two N rates, respectively.
- Taxon
- hybrid cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- high VC densitye3
- Interactor
- Volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- total grain yielde3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 9 and 10%e3
- Qualifier
- respectivelye3
- Comparator
- controle2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Volunteer corn (VC) in hybrid corn”
e2“Treatments consisted of three VC densities (control”
e3“the high VC density reduced hybrid corn grain yield for both N rates by 19% and total grain yield by 9 and 10%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
At 0 and 67 kg N ha −1, neither hybrid corn dry weight nor N content was affected by either volunteer corn density.
- Taxon
- hybrid cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- VC densitye4
- Interactor
- Volunteer corne0weed
- Outcome
- hybrid corn dry weight nor hybrid corn N contente4
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Volunteer corn (VC) in hybrid corn”
e4“neither hybrid corn dry weight nor hybrid corn N content was affected by either VC density”
Claim · model-written summary
Application timing of N fertilizer had no effect on hybrid corn dry weight, N content or grain yield.
- Taxon
- hybrid cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Application timing of N fertilizere5
- Outcome
- hybrid corn dry weight, N content, or grain yielde5
- Direction
- no effecte5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Volunteer corn (VC) in hybrid corn”
e5“Application timing of N fertilizer had no effect on hybrid corn dry weight, N content, or grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Late N fertilizer applications increased volunteer corn N content, volunteer corn grain yield and total yield.
- Taxon
- hybrid cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- late N fertilizer applicationse6
- Outcome
- VC N content, VC grain yield, and total yielde7
- Direction
- greatere7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Volunteer corn (VC) in hybrid corn”
e6“late N fertilizer applications”
e7“resulted in greater VC N content, VC grain yield, and total yield”
Claim · model-written summary
A late N application can be used to reduce the competitive effects of volunteer corn in hybrid corn while maximizing total grain yield.
- Taxon
- hybrid cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- competitive effects of VCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“allows growers to use a late N application to reduce the competitive effects of VC in hybrid corn”
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