Abstract
Groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are an important crop of the semi-arid tropics where they are often exposed to maximum temperatures of > 40 degrees C for short periods during the growing season. The objectives of this study were to determine: (i) the effects of short periods of exposure to high temperature on flower production (FN), the proportion of flowers forming fruits (fruit-set) and the number of pegs and pods per plant (RNt); (ii) whether fruit-set is affected by high temperature during different periods of daylight in each diurnal cycle; and (iii) whether responses to temperature were qualitative or quantitative. Plants of cv. ICGV 86015 were grown in controlled environments at a day/night temperature of 28/22 degrees C from sowing until 9 d after flowering (DAF). Then, cohorts of plants were: (a) exposed to day temperature of 28, 34, 42 or 48 degrees C for 2, 4 or 6 d; or were (b) exposed to 34, 42 or 48 degrees C for 6 d either throughout a 12 h day (08.00 to 20.00 h, WD), or only during the first 6 h (AM) or second 6 h (PM) of the day. Values of RNt were significantly reduced by high temperature, by duration of exposure, and by timing of exposure. Variation in FN was quantitatively related to floral bud temperatures during the day over the range 28-43 degrees C. In contrast, only floral bud temperatures > 36 degrees C during AM and WD significantly reduced fruit-set and hence RNt, whereas high PM temperature had no effect on fruit-set. These findings indicate that the response of RNt to day temperature is quantitative and can be modelled by combining the responses of FN and fruit-set to temperature.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature significantly reduced the number of pegs and pods per plant (RNt) of groundnut, depending on duration and timing of exposure.
- Taxon
- groundnut
Arachis hypogaeat0 - Material
- cv. ICGV 86015e2
- Treatment
- high temperaturee1
- Outcome
- RNte1
- Direction
- significantly reducede1
- Qualifier
- by duration of exposure, and by timing of exposuree1
- Setting
- controlled environmentse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e1“Values of RNt were significantly reduced by high temperature, by duration of exposure, and by timing of exposure”
e2“Plants of cv. ICGV 86015 were grown in controlled environments”
Claim · model-written summary
Flower production (FN) of groundnut was quantitatively related to floral bud temperatures during the day over 28-43 degrees C.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- floral bud temperatures during the day over the range 28-43 degrees Ce4
- Outcome
- Variation in FNe4
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e4“Variation in FN was quantitatively related to floral bud temperatures during the day over the range 28-43 degrees C”
Claim · model-written summary
Floral bud temperatures above 36 degrees C during the morning and whole day significantly reduced fruit-set in groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- floral bud temperatures > 36 degrees C during AM and WDe5
- Outcome
- fruit-sete5
- Direction
- significantly reducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e5“only floral bud temperatures > 36 degrees C during AM and WD significantly reduced fruit-set and hence RNt”
Claim · model-written summary
High afternoon (PM) temperature had no effect on fruit-set of groundnut.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Treatment
- high PM temperaturee6
- Outcome
- fruit-sete6
- Direction
- no effecte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e6“whereas high PM temperature had no effect on fruit-set”
Claim · model-written summary
The response of RNt of groundnut to day temperature is quantitative and can be modelled by combining the responses of FN and fruit-set.
- Taxon
- groundnutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- response of RNt to day temperaturee7
- Qualifier
- can be modelled by combining the responses of FN and fruit-set to temperaturee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)”
e7“These findings indicate that the response of RNt to day temperature is quantitative and can be modelled by combining the responses of FN and fruit-set to temperature”
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