Abstract
BACKGROUND: Fruit ripening is a complicated development process affected by a variety of external and internal cues. It is well established that calcium treatment delays fruit ripening and senescence. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. RESULTS: Previous studies have shown that calcium/calmodulin-regulated SR/CAMTAs are important for modulation of disease resistance, cold sensitivity and wounding response in vegetative tissues. To study the possible roles of this gene family in fruit development and ripening, we cloned seven SR/CAMTAs, designated as SlSRs, from tomato, a model fruit-bearing crop. All seven genes encode polypeptides with a conserved DNA-binding domain and a calmodulin-binding site. Calmodulin specifically binds to the putative targeting site in a calcium-dependent manner. All SlSRs were highly yet differentially expressed during fruit development and ripening. Most notably, the expression of SlSR2 was scarcely detected at the mature green and breaker stages, two critical stages of fruit development and ripening; and SlSR3L and SlSR4 were expressed exclusively in fruit tissues. During the developmental span from 10 to 50 days post anthesis, the expression profiles of all seven SlSRs were dramatically altered in ripening mutant rin compared with wildtype fruit. By contrast, only minor alterations were noted for ripening mutant nor and Nr fruit. In addition, ethylene treatment of mature green wildtype fruit transiently stimulated expression of all SlSRs within one to two hours. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that SlSR expression is influenced by both the Rin-mediated developmental network and ethylene signaling. The results suggest that calcium signaling is involved in the regulation of fruit development and ripening through calcium/calmodulin/SlSR interactions.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Seven tomato SlSR genes were cloned.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Gene
- SlSRse0
- Outcome
- seven SR/CAMTAse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we cloned seven SR/CAMTAs, designated as SlSRs, from tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
All seven proteins contain DNA-binding and calmodulin-binding sites.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- seven genese0
- Outcome
- conserved DNA-binding domain and a calmodulin-binding sitee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All seven genes encode polypeptides with a conserved DNA-binding domain and a calmodulin-binding site”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Calmodulin binds the putative target site in a calcium-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Gene
- Calmoduline0
- Outcome
- Calmodulin specifically binds to the putative targeting sitee0
- Qualifier
- calcium-dependent mannere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Calmodulin specifically binds to the putative targeting site in a calcium-dependent manner”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSR genes are highly but differentially expressed during fruit development and ripening.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruit development and ripeninge0
- Gene
- SlSRse0
- Outcome
- SlSRs were highly yet differentially expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All SlSRs were highly yet differentially expressed during fruit development and ripening”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSR2 expression was scarcely detected at mature green and breaker stages.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- mature green and breaker stagese0
- Gene
- SlSR2e0
- Outcome
- expression of SlSR2 was scarcely detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression of SlSR2 was scarcely detected at the mature green and breaker stages”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
SlSR3L and SlSR4 expression was exclusive to fruit tissues.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- fruit tissuese0
- Gene
- SlSR3L and SlSR4e0
- Outcome
- expressed exclusively in fruit tissuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SlSR3L and SlSR4 were expressed exclusively in fruit tissues”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The rin mutant dramatically altered expression of all seven SlSRs relative to wild type fruit.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- ripening mutant rine0
- Outcome
- expression profiles of all seven SlSRse0
- Direction
- dramatically alterede0
- Comparator
- wildtype fruite0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the expression profiles of all seven SlSRs were dramatically altered in ripening mutant rin compared with wildtype fruit”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The nor mutant showed only minor SlSR expression alterations.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- ripening mutant nore0
- Outcome
- minor alterationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only minor alterations were noted for ripening mutant nor and Nr fruit”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The Nr mutant showed only minor SlSR expression alterations.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Nr fruite0
- Outcome
- minor alterationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only minor alterations were noted for ripening mutant nor and Nr fruit”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene transiently stimulated all SlSR expression in mature green fruit within one to two hours.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- mature green wildtype fruite0
- Treatment
- ethylene treatmente0
- Outcome
- expression of all SlSRse0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- within one to two hourse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene treatment of mature green wildtype fruit transiently stimulated expression of all SlSRs within one to two hours”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest calcium/calmodulin/SlSR interactions regulate fruit development and ripening.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Outcome
- fruit development and ripeninge0
- Qualifier
- calcium/calmodulin/SlSR interactionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“calcium signaling is involved in the regulation of fruit development and ripening through calcium/calmodulin/SlSR interactions”
t0“tomato”
The same questions in other papers
ethene · molecular: expression · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
15 papers in the same direction as this paper · 14 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
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See all 30 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.