Abstract
This paper presents the effects of soil supplementation with different forms of nitrogen fertilizers on select fertilization efficiency indices in two types of maize hybrids and on changes in contents of mineral nitrogen in soil after maize harvest. Nitrogen content in grain of maize and its uptake with grain yield and utilization were significantly higher for slow-release fertilizers in comparison to quick-release nitrogen fertilizers. The application of 25 kg MgO·ha -1 significantly increased nitrogen uptake with grain yield and its utilization in comparison to the object with no application of this macronutrient. Better indices of nitrogen use efficiency were recorded for the stay-green hybrid cv. ES Paroli in comparison to the traditional cv. ES Palazzo. Irrespective of the tested experimental factors, the percentage of nitrogen absorbed from the fertilizer in the total amount of nitrogen uptake was less than 25%. The advantage of the stay-green hybrid in comparison to the traditional cultivar in terms of nitrogen content in grain, the uptake of nitrogen with grain yield, and utilization of nitrogen were significantly higher for slow-release nitrogen fertilizers. The combined application of ammonium sulphate in fertilization with 25 kg MgO·ha -1 caused a negative increment in nitrogen uptake and utilization in relation to other nitrogen fertilizers. Significantly less mineral nitrogen (Nmin) in soil after maize harvest was detected in objects on which slow-release fertilizers (e.g. ammonium sulphate and urea) were used in comparison to quick-release fertilizers (e.g. ammonium nitrate). The application of 25 kg MgO·ha -1 in comparison to the object, where this macronutrient was not used, is a cultivation measure causing lower burden of this biogen for the natural environment. The stay-green hybrid ES Paroli in relation to cv. ES Palazzo reduced nitrogen eutrophication of the natural environment with mineral nitrogen. Only nitrate nitrogen was highly correlated with total mineral nitrogen in soil at each depth of soil sample collection. The use of nitrogen fertilizers caused an increase in the contents of nitrate nitrogen in the total amount of mineral nitrogen in the 030 cm and 30-60 cm soil profiles. In turn, the application of magnesium and the stay-green cultivar reduced the amount of N-NO3 in the total amount of Nmin in the period after the maize harvest.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Slow release fertilizers gave higher grain nitrogen content, uptake and utilization than quick release fertilizers.
- Treatment
- slow-release fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- Nitrogen content in grain of maize and its uptake with grain yield and utilizatione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- quick-release nitrogen fertilizerse0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen content in grain of maize and its uptake with grain yield and utilization were significantly higher for slow-release fertilizers in comparison to quick-release nitrogen fertilizers”
Claim · model-written summary
Applying 25 kg MgO·ha -1 increased grain nitrogen uptake and utilization.
- Treatment
- 25 kg MgO·ha -1e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptake with grain yield and its utilizatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the object with no application of this macronutriente0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The application of 25 kg MgO·ha -1 significantly increased nitrogen uptake with grain yield and its utilization in comparison to the object with no application of this macronutrient”
t0“Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Stay green ES Paroli had better nitrogen use efficiency than ES Palazzo.
- Material
- cv. ES Parolie0
- Outcome
- indices of nitrogen use efficiencye0
- Direction
- Bettere0
- Comparator
- cv. ES Palazzoe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Better indices of nitrogen use efficiency were recorded for the stay-green hybrid cv. ES Paroli in comparison to the traditional cv. ES Palazzo”
t0“Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer derived nitrogen accounted for less than 25% of total nitrogen uptake.
- Outcome
- percentage of nitrogen absorbed from the fertilizer in the total amount of nitrogen uptakee0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Value
- less than 25%e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“the percentage of nitrogen absorbed from the fertilizer in the total amount of nitrogen uptake was less than 25%”
t0“Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The ES Paroli advantage in grain nitrogen content, uptake and utilization was greater under slow release fertilizers.
- Material
- stay-green hybride0
- Treatment
- slow-release nitrogen fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- nitrogen content in grain, the uptake of nitrogen with grain yield, and utilization of nitrogene0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- traditional cultivare0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The advantage of the stay-green hybrid in comparison to the traditional cultivar in terms of nitrogen content in grain, the uptake of nitrogen with grain yield, and utilization of nitrogen were significantly higher for slow-release nitrogen fertilizers”
t0“Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium sulphate combined with magnesium gave a negative increment in nitrogen uptake and utilization versus other fertilizers.
- Treatment
- combined application of ammonium sulphate in fertilization with 25 kg MgO·ha -1e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen uptake and utilizatione0
- Direction
- negative incremente0
- Comparator
- other nitrogen fertilizerse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The combined application of ammonium sulphate in fertilization with 25 kg MgO·ha -1 caused a negative increment in nitrogen uptake and utilization in relation to other nitrogen fertilizers”
t0“Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Slow release fertilizers left less soil mineral nitrogen after maize harvest than quick release fertilizers.
- Treatment
- slow-release fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- mineral nitrogen (Nmin) in soil after maize harveste0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- quick-release fertilizerse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significantly less mineral nitrogen (Nmin) in soil after maize harvest was detected in objects on which slow-release fertilizers (e.g. ammonium sulphate and urea) were used in comparison to quick-release fertilizers (e.g. ammonium nitrate)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium application lowered environmental nitrogen burden versus no magnesium.
- Treatment
- 25 kg MgO·ha -1e0
- Outcome
- burden of this biogen for the natural environmente0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- the object, where this macronutrient was not usede0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The application of 25 kg MgO·ha -1 in comparison to the object, where this macronutrient was not used, is a cultivation measure causing lower burden of this biogen for the natural environment”
t0“Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
ES Paroli reduced mineral nitrogen eutrophication relative to ES Palazzo.
- Material
- ES Parolie0
- Outcome
- nitrogen eutrophication of the natural environment with mineral nitrogene0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- cv. ES Palazzoe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The stay-green hybrid ES Paroli in relation to cv. ES Palazzo reduced nitrogen eutrophication of the natural environment with mineral nitrogen”
t0“Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate nitrogen correlated highly with total soil mineral nitrogen at each sampled depth.
- Outcome
- nitrate nitrogene0
- Qualifier
- at each depth of soil sample collectione0
- Comparator
- total mineral nitrogen in soile0
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“Only nitrate nitrogen was highly correlated with total mineral nitrogen in soil at each depth of soil sample collection”
t0“Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizers increased nitrate nitrogen fraction in both sampled soil profiles.
- Treatment
- nitrogen fertilizerse0
- Outcome
- contents of nitrate nitrogen in the total amount of mineral nitrogene0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- 030 cm and 30-60 cm soil profilese0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The use of nitrogen fertilizers caused an increase in the contents of nitrate nitrogen in the total amount of mineral nitrogen in the 030 cm and 30-60 cm soil profiles”
t0“Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Magnesium application reduced postharvest soil nitrate fraction.
- Treatment
- application of magnesiume0
- Outcome
- amount of N-NO3 in the total amount of Nmine0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the application of magnesium and the stay-green cultivar reduced the amount of N-NO3 in the total amount of Nmin in the period after the maize harvest”
t0“Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The stay green cultivar reduced postharvest soil nitrate fraction.
- Treatment
- the stay-green cultivare0
- Outcome
- amount of N-NO3 in the total amount of Nmine0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“the application of magnesium and the stay-green cultivar reduced the amount of N-NO3 in the total amount of Nmin in the period after the maize harvest”
t0“Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.)”
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