Abstract
Delta and wing traps baited with synthetic female sex pheromone of Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée were found to catch and retain ten times more moths than either Spodoptera or uni-trap designs. Locally-produced water and funnel traps were as effective as delta traps, although 'windows' cut in the side panels of delta traps significantly increased trap catch from 0.4 to 2.3 moths per trap per night. Trap catch was found to be proportional to the radius of sticky disc traps in the range 5-20 cm radius, discs with a 2.5 cm radius caught no moths. Wing traps placed at crop height caught significantly more moths than traps placed 0.5 m above or below the crop canopy. Replicated integrated pest management (IPM) trials (3 x 0.5 ha per treatment) were conducted in farmers fields with young and mature eggplant crops. Farmers applied insecticides at least three times a week in all check and IPM plots. In addition pheromone traps were placed out at a density of 100 per ha and infested shoots removed weekly in the 0.5 ha IPM plots. Pheromone trap catches were reduced significantly from 2.0 to 0.4 moths per trap per night respectively in check and IPM plots in a young crop and 1.1 to 0.3 moths per trap per night in check and IPM plots respectively in a mature crop. Fruit damage was significantly reduced from an average of 41.8% and 51.2% in check plots of young and mature crops respectively to 22% and 26.4 respectively in the associated IPM plots. Significant differences in pheromone trap catches and fruit damage were attained four and two weeks respectively after IPM treatments began in the mature crop whereas in the immature crop significant differences were not observed for the first eight to nine weeks respectively. The relative impact of removing infested shoots and mass trapping on L. orbonalis larval populations was not established in these trials but in both cases there was an estimated increase of approximately 50% in marketable fruit obtained by the combination of control techniques compared to insecticide treatment alone.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Delta and wing traps baited with the synthetic female sex pheromone caught ten times more L. orbonalis moths than Spodoptera or uni-trap designs.
- Taxon
- eggplant
Solanum melongenae2 - Treatment
- Delta and wing traps baited with synthetic female sex pheromonee1
- Interactor
- Leucinodes orbonalis
Leucinodes orbonalise1pest - Outcome
- mothse1
- Direction
- moree1
- Value
- ten timese1
- Comparator
- Spodoptera or uni-trap designse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Delta and wing traps baited with synthetic female sex pheromone of Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée were found to catch and retain ten times more moths than either Spodoptera or uni-trap designs”
e2“were conducted in farmers fields with young and mature eggplant crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Locally produced water and funnel traps were as effective as delta traps.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae2
- Treatment
- Locally-produced water and funnel trapse3
- Outcome
- effectivee3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
- Comparator
- delta trapse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Locally-produced water and funnel traps were as effective as delta traps”
e2“were conducted in farmers fields with young and mature eggplant crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Trap catch was proportional to the radius of sticky disc traps in the 5-20 cm radius range.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae2
- Treatment
- radius of sticky disc trapse4
- Outcome
- Trap catche4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Trap catch was found to be proportional to the radius of sticky disc traps in the range 5-20 cm radius”
e2“were conducted in farmers fields with young and mature eggplant crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Sticky disc traps with a 2.5 cm radius caught no moths.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae2
- Treatment
- discs with a 2.5 cm radiuse5
- Outcome
- caught no mothse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“discs with a 2.5 cm radius caught no moths”
e2“were conducted in farmers fields with young and mature eggplant crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Wing traps placed at crop height caught significantly more moths than traps placed 0.5 m above or below the crop canopy.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae2
- Treatment
- Wing traps placed at crop heighte6
- Outcome
- mothse6
- Direction
- moree6
- Comparator
- traps placed 0.5 m above or below the crop canopye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Wing traps placed at crop height caught significantly more moths than traps placed 0.5 m above or below the crop canopy”
e2“were conducted in farmers fields with young and mature eggplant crops”
Claim · model-written summary
In a young eggplant crop, pheromone trap catches were significantly reduced from 2.0 to 0.4 moths per trap per night in IPM plots compared with check plots.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae2
- Organ / stage
- young crope7
- Treatment
- IPM plotse7
- Outcome
- Pheromone trap catchese7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Value
- from 2.0 to 0.4 moths per trap per nighte7
- Comparator
- checke7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Pheromone trap catches were reduced significantly from 2.0 to 0.4 moths per trap per night respectively in check and IPM plots in a young crop and 1.1 to 0.3 moths per trap per night in check and IPM plots respectively in a mature crop”
e2“were conducted in farmers fields with young and mature eggplant crops”
Claim · model-written summary
In a mature eggplant crop, pheromone trap catches were significantly reduced from 1.1 to 0.3 moths per trap per night in IPM plots compared with check plots.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae2
- Organ / stage
- mature crope7
- Treatment
- IPM plotse7
- Outcome
- Pheromone trap catchese7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Value
- 1.1 to 0.3 moths per trap per nighte7
- Comparator
- checke7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Pheromone trap catches were reduced significantly from 2.0 to 0.4 moths per trap per night respectively in check and IPM plots in a young crop and 1.1 to 0.3 moths per trap per night in check and IPM plots respectively in a mature crop”
e2“were conducted in farmers fields with young and mature eggplant crops”
Claim · model-written summary
In the young eggplant crop, fruit damage was significantly reduced from 41.8% in check plots to 22% in IPM plots.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae2
- Organ / stage
- younge3
- Treatment
- IPM plotse3
- Outcome
- Fruit damagee3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 22%e3
- Qualifier
- from an average of 41.8%e3
- Comparator
- check plotse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Fruit damage was significantly reduced from an average of 41.8% and 51.2% in check plots of young and mature crops respectively to 22% and 26.4 respectively in the associated IPM plots”
e2“were conducted in farmers fields with young and mature eggplant crops”
Claim · model-written summary
In the mature eggplant crop, fruit damage was significantly reduced from 51.2% in check plots to 26.4 in IPM plots.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae2
- Organ / stage
- maturee3
- Treatment
- IPM plotse3
- Outcome
- Fruit damagee3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 26.4e3
- Qualifier
- 51.2%e3
- Comparator
- check plotse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“Fruit damage was significantly reduced from an average of 41.8% and 51.2% in check plots of young and mature crops respectively to 22% and 26.4 respectively in the associated IPM plots”
e2“were conducted in farmers fields with young and mature eggplant crops”
Claim · model-written summary
In the mature eggplant crop, significant differences in trap catches and fruit damage appeared four and two weeks respectively after IPM treatments began.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae2
- Organ / stage
- mature crope4
- Treatment
- IPM treatmentse4
- Outcome
- Significant differences in pheromone trap catches and fruit damagee4
- Value
- four and two weeks respectivelye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Significant differences in pheromone trap catches and fruit damage were attained four and two weeks respectively after IPM treatments began in the mature crop”
e2“were conducted in farmers fields with young and mature eggplant crops”
Claim · model-written summary
In the immature eggplant crop, significant differences were not observed for the first eight to nine weeks.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae2
- Organ / stage
- immature crope5
- Outcome
- significant differencese5
- Value
- eight to nine weekse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“in the immature crop significant differences were not observed for the first eight to nine weeks respectively”
e2“were conducted in farmers fields with young and mature eggplant crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Combining control techniques gave an estimated increase of approximately 50% in marketable fruit compared with insecticide treatment alone.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae2
- Treatment
- the combination of control techniquese6
- Outcome
- marketable fruite6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Value
- approximately 50%e6
- Comparator
- insecticide treatment alonee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“there was an estimated increase of approximately 50% in marketable fruit obtained by the combination of control techniques compared to insecticide treatment alone”
e2“were conducted in farmers fields with young and mature eggplant crops”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.