Abstract
A two-year field study was conducted to determine the effect of two zinc (Zn) levels [0 and 10 kg zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) ha−1] in respect with four potassium (K) levels (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg K2O ha−1) on growth, yield and quality of forage sorghum. The soil of the experimental field was loamy sand (Inceptisol), carrying 70, 08, 77, and 0.51 mg nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), K, and Zn kg−1 soil, respectively. Increasing K levels significantly improved most of the growth, yield, and quality attributes gradually irrespective of the Zn levels. Zinc applied at 10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 proved significantly better than no zinc application at various K application rates. The benefit of zinc application increased progressively with increasing K rates for most of the parameters studied, indicating significant response of the crop to positive K × Zn interaction in plants in respect with K and Zn application to the soil. Accordingly, 60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 boosted most of the attributes maximally. It resulted in about 20–40% increase in growth attributes, 25% increase in fresh matter yield, 36–38% increase in dry matter yield, and 38% increase in protein yield compared to the comparable K level applied without zinc. It also enhanced N uptake by 38%, P uptake by 5–19%, K uptake by 40–42%, and Zn uptake by 114–144%. Across the K rates, application of 10 kg ZnSO4 surpassed no zinc application by 30–35% in N uptake, by 8–15% in P uptake, by 33–36% in K uptake, by 120–140% in Zn uptake, by 19–21% in fresh matter yield, by 29–31% in dry matter yield, and by 30–34% in protein yield.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing potassium significantly improved growth, yield and quality.
- Taxon
- forage sorghumt0
- Treatment
- Increasing K levelse0
- Outcome
- growth, yield, and quality attributese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Increasing K levels significantly improved most of the growth, yield, and quality attributes gradually irrespective of the Zn levels”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc significantly outperformed no zinc.
Verbatim
e0“Zinc applied at 10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 proved significantly better than no zinc application at various K application rates”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Zinc benefit rose with potassium rate.
Verbatim
e0“The benefit of zinc application increased progressively with increasing K rates for most of the parameters studied, indicating significant response of the crop to positive K × Zn interaction in plants”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest combined dose maximized most attributes.
- Taxon
- forage sorghumt0
- Treatment
- 60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1e0
- Outcome
- most of the attributese0
- Direction
- maximallye0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1 boosted most of the attributes maximally”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased growth attributes by 20–40%.
Verbatim
e0“about 20–40% increase in growth attributes, 25% increase in fresh matter yield, 36–38% increase in dry matter yield, and 38% increase in protein yield compared to the comparable K level applied without zinc”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased fresh matter yield by 25%.
Verbatim
e0“about 20–40% increase in growth attributes, 25% increase in fresh matter yield, 36–38% increase in dry matter yield, and 38% increase in protein yield compared to the comparable K level applied without zinc”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased dry matter yield by 36–38%.
Verbatim
e0“about 20–40% increase in growth attributes, 25% increase in fresh matter yield, 36–38% increase in dry matter yield, and 38% increase in protein yield compared to the comparable K level applied without zinc”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment increased protein yield by 38%.
Verbatim
e0“about 20–40% increase in growth attributes, 25% increase in fresh matter yield, 36–38% increase in dry matter yield, and 38% increase in protein yield compared to the comparable K level applied without zinc”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment enhanced N uptake by 38%.
- Taxon
- forage sorghumt0
- Treatment
- 60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1e1
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 38%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“It also enhanced N uptake by 38%, P uptake by 5–19%, K uptake by 40–42%, and Zn uptake by 114–144%”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment enhanced P uptake by 5–19%.
- Taxon
- forage sorghumt0
- Treatment
- 60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1e1
- Outcome
- P uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 5–19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“It also enhanced N uptake by 38%, P uptake by 5–19%, K uptake by 40–42%, and Zn uptake by 114–144%”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment enhanced K uptake by 40–42%.
- Taxon
- forage sorghumt0
- Treatment
- 60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1e1
- Outcome
- K uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 40–42%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“It also enhanced N uptake by 38%, P uptake by 5–19%, K uptake by 40–42%, and Zn uptake by 114–144%”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
The combined treatment enhanced Zn uptake by 114–144%.
- Taxon
- forage sorghumt0
- Treatment
- 60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1e1
- Outcome
- Zn uptakee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 114–144%e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“It also enhanced N uptake by 38%, P uptake by 5–19%, K uptake by 40–42%, and Zn uptake by 114–144%”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Across potassium rates, zinc increased N uptake by 30–35%.
Verbatim
e0“Across the K rates, application of 10 kg ZnSO4 surpassed no zinc application by 30–35% in N uptake, by 8–15% in P uptake, by 33–36% in K uptake, by 120–140% in Zn uptake, by 19–21% in fresh matter yield, by 29–31% in dry matter yield, and by 30–34% in protein yield”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Across potassium rates, zinc increased P uptake by 8–15%.
Verbatim
e0“Across the K rates, application of 10 kg ZnSO4 surpassed no zinc application by 30–35% in N uptake, by 8–15% in P uptake, by 33–36% in K uptake, by 120–140% in Zn uptake, by 19–21% in fresh matter yield, by 29–31% in dry matter yield, and by 30–34% in protein yield”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Across potassium rates, zinc increased K uptake by 33–36%.
Verbatim
e0“Across the K rates, application of 10 kg ZnSO4 surpassed no zinc application by 30–35% in N uptake, by 8–15% in P uptake, by 33–36% in K uptake, by 120–140% in Zn uptake, by 19–21% in fresh matter yield, by 29–31% in dry matter yield, and by 30–34% in protein yield”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Across potassium rates, zinc increased Zn uptake by 120–140%.
Verbatim
e0“Across the K rates, application of 10 kg ZnSO4 surpassed no zinc application by 30–35% in N uptake, by 8–15% in P uptake, by 33–36% in K uptake, by 120–140% in Zn uptake, by 19–21% in fresh matter yield, by 29–31% in dry matter yield, and by 30–34% in protein yield”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Across potassium rates, zinc increased fresh matter yield by 19–21%.
Verbatim
e0“Across the K rates, application of 10 kg ZnSO4 surpassed no zinc application by 30–35% in N uptake, by 8–15% in P uptake, by 33–36% in K uptake, by 120–140% in Zn uptake, by 19–21% in fresh matter yield, by 29–31% in dry matter yield, and by 30–34% in protein yield”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Across potassium rates, zinc increased dry matter yield by 29–31%.
Verbatim
e0“Across the K rates, application of 10 kg ZnSO4 surpassed no zinc application by 30–35% in N uptake, by 8–15% in P uptake, by 33–36% in K uptake, by 120–140% in Zn uptake, by 19–21% in fresh matter yield, by 29–31% in dry matter yield, and by 30–34% in protein yield”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
Claim · model-written summary
Across potassium rates, zinc increased protein yield by 30–34%.
Verbatim
e0“Across the K rates, application of 10 kg ZnSO4 surpassed no zinc application by 30–35% in N uptake, by 8–15% in P uptake, by 33–36% in K uptake, by 120–140% in Zn uptake, by 19–21% in fresh matter yield, by 29–31% in dry matter yield, and by 30–34% in protein yield”
t0“forage sorghum”
e1“60 kg K2O ha−1 applied with10 kg ZnSO4 ha−1”
The same questions in other papers
zinc sulfate · quality: protein · SorghumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
zinc sulfate · nutrient: content · SorghumResults agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →zinc sulfate · growth · SorghumResults agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →zinc sulfate · yield · SorghumResults agree
13 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →potassium · yield · SorghumResults differ
23 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
37 papers more in this group
See all 41 papers →potassium · quality: protein · SorghumPositive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →potassium · growth · SorghumPositive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →potassium · nutrient: content · SorghumPositive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.