Abstract
Abstract In recent years, there has been a growing interest in brown midrib (BMR) sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) × sudangrass ( Sorghum sudanense Piper) hybrids (SxS) as a replacement for silage corn ( Zea mays L.) in the north‐eastern USA. Recent studies suggest it is suitable for both rotational grazing and as a hay crop and could compete with corn harvested for silage in years when wet spring conditions prevent the timely planting of corn. However, little is known about its suitability as forage for non‐lactating cows that require low potassium (K) forages to prevent health problems. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of K fertilizer management (0, 112 or 224 kg K 2 O ha −1 cut −1 ) under optimum N management (112–168 kg N ha −1 cut −1 ) on yield, quality and K concentrations of BMR SxS over a 2‐year period. Field trials were established on a fine loamy, mixed, active, mesic Aeric Fragiaquepts with medium K‐supplying capacity and characteristic of a large region in New York. Potassium application did not affect dry matter yields in either of the 2 years. Averaged over 2 years, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) significantly increased with K addition with similar but non‐significant trends observed in each of the years individually. The digestibility of NDF was unaffected by K application. Crude protein (CP) concentrations showed a significant decrease with K application in 2002 and similar trends were observed in 2003, although differences were not significant at P ≤ 0.05. The changes in NDF and CP did not significantly impact forage quality expressed as milk production per megagram of silage. Potassium application increased forage K concentration up to 13 mg K kg −1 dry matter (in the first cut in 2003). Forage Ca and Mg concentrations decreased with K addition except for the first cut in 2002 where differences between 112 and 224 kg K 2 O ha −1 treatments were not significant. Without K addition in the 2‐year period, K concentrations in the forage decreased from 23 g kg −1 for the first cutting in 2002 to 15 g kg −1 for the second cut in 2003. Low K forage was obtained for all second‐cut forage unless 224 kg K 2 O ha −1 cut −1 had been added. First‐cut forage was suitable only when no additional K had been applied. These results suggest low K BMR SxS forage can be harvested from initially high K soils without loss in dry matter yield as long as no additional K is added.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium application did not affect dry matter yields in either year.
SorghumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium application did not affect dry matter yields in either of the 2 years.”
e7“brown midrib (BMR) sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) × sudangrass ( Sorghum sudanense Piper) hybrids (SxS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Across two years, potassium addition significantly increased NDF.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Averaged over 2 years, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) significantly increased with K addition”
e7“brown midrib (BMR) sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) × sudangrass ( Sorghum sudanense Piper) hybrids (SxS)”
Claim · model-written summary
The yearly NDF increases with potassium addition were not significant.
- Treatment
- K additione1
- Outcome
- neutral detergent fibre (NDF)e1
- Qualifier
- each of the years individuallye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“similar but non‐significant trends observed in each of the years individually”
e1“neutral detergent fibre (NDF) significantly increased with K addition”
e7“brown midrib (BMR) sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) × sudangrass ( Sorghum sudanense Piper) hybrids (SxS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium application did not affect NDF digestibility.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The digestibility of NDF was unaffected by K application.”
e7“brown midrib (BMR) sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) × sudangrass ( Sorghum sudanense Piper) hybrids (SxS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium application significantly decreased crude protein concentration in 2002.
- Treatment
- K applicatione0
- Outcome
- Crude protein (CP) concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- in 2002e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Crude protein (CP) concentrations showed a significant decrease with K application in 2002”
e7“brown midrib (BMR) sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) × sudangrass ( Sorghum sudanense Piper) hybrids (SxS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Crude protein concentrations showed a similar but nonsignificant trend in 2003.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“similar trends were observed in 2003, although differences were not significant at P ≤ 0.05”
e1“Crude protein (CP) concentrations showed a significant decrease with K application in 2002”
e7“brown midrib (BMR) sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) × sudangrass ( Sorghum sudanense Piper) hybrids (SxS)”
Claim · model-written summary
NDF and crude protein changes did not significantly affect forage quality measured as milk production per megagram of silage.
- Compound
- NDF and CPe0
- Outcome
- forage quality expressed as milk production per megagram of silagee0
- Direction
- did not significantly impacte0
- Qualifier
- changes in NDF and CPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The changes in NDF and CP did not significantly impact forage quality expressed as milk production per megagram of silage.”
e7“brown midrib (BMR) sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) × sudangrass ( Sorghum sudanense Piper) hybrids (SxS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium application increased forage potassium concentration up to 13 mg K kg −1 dry matter in the first cut of 2003.
- Treatment
- Potassium applicatione0
- Outcome
- forage K concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13 mg K kg −1 dry mattere0
- Qualifier
- in the first cut in 2003e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potassium application increased forage K concentration up to 13 mg K kg −1 dry matter (in the first cut in 2003).”
e7“brown midrib (BMR) sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) × sudangrass ( Sorghum sudanense Piper) hybrids (SxS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium addition decreased forage calcium concentration.
- Treatment
- K additione0
- Outcome
- Forage Cae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- except for the first cut in 2002e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Forage Ca and Mg concentrations decreased with K addition except for the first cut in 2002 where differences between 112 and 224 kg K 2 O ha −1 treatments were not significant.”
e7“brown midrib (BMR) sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) × sudangrass ( Sorghum sudanense Piper) hybrids (SxS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium addition decreased forage magnesium concentration.
- Treatment
- K additione0
- Outcome
- Mg concentrationse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- except for the first cut in 2002e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Forage Ca and Mg concentrations decreased with K addition except for the first cut in 2002 where differences between 112 and 224 kg K 2 O ha −1 treatments were not significant.”
e7“brown midrib (BMR) sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) × sudangrass ( Sorghum sudanense Piper) hybrids (SxS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Without potassium addition, forage K concentration fell from 23 g kg −1 to 15 g kg −1 across the study.
- Outcome
- K concentrations in the foragee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 15 g kg −1e0
- Qualifier
- 23 g kg −1 for the first cutting in 2002e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Without K addition in the 2‐year period, K concentrations in the forage decreased from 23 g kg −1 for the first cutting in 2002 to 15 g kg −1 for the second cut in 2003.”
e7“brown midrib (BMR) sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) × sudangrass ( Sorghum sudanense Piper) hybrids (SxS)”
Claim · model-written summary
All second-cut forage was low in K unless 224 kg K 2 O ha −1 cut −1 had been added.
- Organ / stage
- second‐cut foragee0
- Outcome
- Low K foragee0
- Qualifier
- unless 224 kg K 2 O ha −1 cut −1 had been addede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Low K forage was obtained for all second‐cut forage unless 224 kg K 2 O ha −1 cut −1 had been added.”
e7“brown midrib (BMR) sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) × sudangrass ( Sorghum sudanense Piper) hybrids (SxS)”
Claim · model-written summary
First-cut forage was suitable only without added K.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“First‐cut forage was suitable only when no additional K had been applied.”
e7“brown midrib (BMR) sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) × sudangrass ( Sorghum sudanense Piper) hybrids (SxS)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend harvesting low-K BMR SxS without additional K from initially high-K soils, without dry-matter yield loss.
- Outcome
- low K BMR SxS forage can be harvestede0
- Qualifier
- from initially high K soils without loss in dry matter yield as long as no additional K is addede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low K BMR SxS forage can be harvested from initially high K soils without loss in dry matter yield as long as no additional K is added”
e7“brown midrib (BMR) sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) × sudangrass ( Sorghum sudanense Piper) hybrids (SxS)”
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