Abstract
Abstract To understand germination timing in an ecological context, the response to environmental events that affect seed dormancy is central, and has to be combined with knowledge of germination responses to different circumstances. In this study, seed dormancy, germination and emergence phenology of six annual co-occurring weedy Asteraceae species were investigated. Three pre-treatments (warm and cold stratification, and dry storage) were tested as possible dormancy-affecting environmental events. Seeds were also sown outdoors. Species-specific differences were revealed in analyses. To facilitate general descriptions of dormancy patterns and germination preferences separately, condensed responses to the different possible dormancy-affecting treatments and relative germination in different environments were plotted, giving species-specific patterns. Most species exhibited decreased dormancy to two or three pre-treatments. Dormancy was most effectively reduced by cold stratification for three species ( Guizotia scabra , Parthenium hysterophorus , Verbesina encelioides ), by warm stratification for two ( Bidens pilosa , Galinsoga parviflora ) and by dry storage for one ( Tagetes minuta ). All species germinated more when provided with light than in continuous darkness. Temperature levels most suitable for germination varied from low (15/5–20/10°C) for V. encelioides to high (25/15–30/20°C) for B. pilosa . It is concluded that, even though the species have different dormancy patterns and germination preferences that suggest different possible distribution ranges, they achieve similar emergence timing in the field in environments with a pronounced dry period after dispersal and small annual temperature fluctuations.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Most species showed reduced dormancy under two or three pretreatments.
- Taxon
- six annual Asteraceae weedst0
- Treatment
- two or three pre-treatmentse0
- Outcome
- dormancye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Most species exhibited decreased dormancy to two or three pre-treatments.”
t0“six annual Asteraceae weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stratification most effectively reduced dormancy in Guizotia scabra, Parthenium hysterophorus, and Verbesina encelioides.
- Taxon
- Guizotia scabra , Parthenium hysterophorus , Verbesina encelioides
Parthenium hysterophorus.jpg?width=60)
Guizotia scabra
Verbesina encelioidese0 - Treatment
- cold stratificatione0
- Outcome
- Dormancye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Dormancy was most effectively reduced by cold stratification for three species ( Guizotia scabra , Parthenium hysterophorus , Verbesina encelioides )”
Claim · model-written summary
Warm stratification most effectively reduced dormancy in Bidens pilosa and Galinsoga parviflora.
- Taxon
- Bidens pilosa , Galinsoga parviflora
Bidens pilosa.jpg?width=60)
Galinsoga parviflorae0 - Treatment
- warm stratificatione0
- Outcome
- Dormancye1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“by warm stratification for two ( Bidens pilosa , Galinsoga parviflora )”
e1“Dormancy was most effectively reduced by cold stratification”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry storage most effectively reduced dormancy in Tagetes minuta.
- Taxon
- Tagetes minuta
Tagetes minutae0 - Treatment
- dry storagee0
- Outcome
- Dormancye1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“by dry storage for one ( Tagetes minuta )”
e1“Dormancy was most effectively reduced by cold stratification”
Claim · model-written summary
All species germinated more with light than in continuous darkness.
Verbatim
e0“All species germinated more when provided with light than in continuous darkness.”
t0“six annual Asteraceae weeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Verbesina encelioides germinated best at low temperatures of 15/5–20/10°C.
- Taxon
- V. encelioidesVerbesina encelioidese0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Value
- 15/5–20/10°Ce0
- Setting
- low (15/5–20/10°C)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Temperature levels most suitable for germination varied from low (15/5–20/10°C) for V. encelioides to high (25/15–30/20°C) for B. pilosa .”
Claim · model-written summary
Bidens pilosa germinated best at high temperatures of 25/15–30/20°C.
- Taxon
- B. pilosaBidens pilosae0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Value
- 25/15–30/20°Ce0
- Setting
- high (25/15–30/20°C)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Temperature levels most suitable for germination varied from low (15/5–20/10°C) for V. encelioides to high (25/15–30/20°C) for B. pilosa .”
Claim · model-written summary
Despite different dormancy and germination preferences, these species showed similar field emergence timing in environments with dry periods after dispersal and small annual temperature fluctuations.
Verbatim
e0“they achieve similar emergence timing in the field in environments with a pronounced dry period after dispersal and small annual temperature fluctuations.”
t0“six annual Asteraceae weeds”
The same questions in other papers
seed treatment · growth · Bidens pilosa (bur-marigold)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.