Abstract
The protective conditions under which callus cultures are grown to prevent microbial contamination and to reduce tissue desiccation cause the accumulation of volatiles in the vessel headspace and reduce the availability of oxygen for respiration. To demonstrate the importance of the gaseous atmosphere to culture growth a study was undertaken on non-morphogenic rice and wheat callus incubated under a number of environmental conditions. Changes in the gaseous atmosphere above rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus during routine culture in a petri dish suppressed growth and promoted necrosis. Incubating callus under a continuous flow of gas mixtures of known composition suggested that the inhibition of growth was caused by the accumulation of high levels of ethylene and to the rapid depletion of oxygen. In order to evaluate the importance of ethylene accumulation aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG), I-aminocyclopropane-I-carboxylic acid (ACC) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) were added to the nutrient medium and ethylene was measured during callus culture. Ethylene restricted callus growth particularly under high (35°C) compared with moderate (25°C) incubation temperatures and under illuminated compared with dark incubation. Under illuminated incubation at 25°C, AVG ( 5 µM ) and AgNO3 (50 µM) improved rice callus growth by 69 and 54% respectively while ACC (100 µM) decreased growth by 15%. Furthermore, rice callus growth was better in large compared with small culture vessels since ethylene accumulation was reduced. In contrast, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) callus grew well in the petri dish system and released very little ethylene into the culture vessel headspace. Growth was better under illuminated than darkened conditions and under moderate (25°C) compared with high (35°C) incubation temperatures. Furthermore, wheat callus growth was only marginally better in large compared with small culture vessels. Ethylene was not a restrictive factor of wheat callus growth since only low levels were detected in all conditions of incubation. Better control of ethylene and increased oxygen availability could be a way of increasing cell and tissue production for genetic engineering studies of otherwise recalcitrant species such as rice, and may be a way of improving manipulation of wheat.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in the gaseous atmosphere during routine petri-dish culture suppressed rice callus growth.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- Changes in the gaseous atmospheree1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Setting
- petri dishe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Changes in the gaseous atmosphere above rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus during routine culture in a petri dish suppressed growth and promoted necrosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in the gaseous atmosphere during routine petri-dish culture promoted necrosis in rice callus.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Changes in the gaseous atmospheree1
- Outcome
- necrosise1
- Direction
- promotede1
- Setting
- petri dishe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Changes in the gaseous atmosphere above rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus during routine culture in a petri dish suppressed growth and promoted necrosis”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene accumulation and rapid oxygen depletion were suggested to cause the inhibition of rice callus growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Compound
- ethylenee2
- Outcome
- inhibition of growthe2
- Qualifier
- rapid depletion of oxygene2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus”
e2“Incubating callus under a continuous flow of gas mixtures of known composition suggested that the inhibition of growth was caused by the accumulation of high levels of ethylene and to the rapid depletion of oxygen”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene restricted rice callus growth more at high (35°C) than at moderate (25°C) incubation temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- high (35°C)e1
- Compound
- Ethylenee1
- Outcome
- callus growthe1
- Direction
- restrictede1
- Comparator
- moderate (25°C)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus”
e1“Ethylene restricted callus growth particularly under high (35°C) compared with moderate (25°C) incubation temperatures and under illuminated compared with dark incubation”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene restricted rice callus growth under illuminated compared with dark incubation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- illuminatede1
- Compound
- Ethylenee1
- Outcome
- callus growthe1
- Direction
- restrictede1
- Comparator
- dark incubatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus”
e1“Ethylene restricted callus growth particularly under high (35°C) compared with moderate (25°C) incubation temperatures and under illuminated compared with dark incubation”
Claim · model-written summary
Under illuminated incubation at 25°C, AVG (5 µM) improved rice callus growth by 69.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- AVG ( 5 µM )e1
- Outcome
- rice callus growthe1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 69e1
- Qualifier
- Under illuminated incubation at 25°Ce1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus”
e1“Under illuminated incubation at 25°C, AVG ( 5 µM ) and AgNO3 (50 µM) improved rice callus growth by 69 and 54% respectively while ACC (100 µM) decreased growth by 15%”
Claim · model-written summary
Under illuminated incubation at 25°C, AgNO3 (50 µM) improved rice callus growth by 54%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- AgNO3 (50 µM)e1
- Outcome
- rice callus growthe1
- Direction
- improvede1
- Value
- 54%e1
- Qualifier
- Under illuminated incubation at 25°Ce1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus”
e1“Under illuminated incubation at 25°C, AVG ( 5 µM ) and AgNO3 (50 µM) improved rice callus growth by 69 and 54% respectively while ACC (100 µM) decreased growth by 15%”
Claim · model-written summary
Under illuminated incubation at 25°C, ACC (100 µM) decreased rice callus growth by 15%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- ACC (100 µM)e1
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 15%e1
- Qualifier
- Under illuminated incubation at 25°Ce1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus”
e1“Under illuminated incubation at 25°C, AVG ( 5 µM ) and AgNO3 (50 µM) improved rice callus growth by 69 and 54% respectively while ACC (100 µM) decreased growth by 15%”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice callus grew better in large than in small culture vessels, as ethylene accumulation was reduced.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- large compared with small culture vesselse2
- Outcome
- rice callus growthe2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Qualifier
- since ethylene accumulation was reducede2
- Comparator
- small culture vesselse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus”
e2“rice callus growth was better in large compared with small culture vessels since ethylene accumulation was reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat callus grew well in the petri dish system.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume3 - Outcome
- callus grew welle3
- Setting
- petri dish systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) callus grew well in the petri dish system and released very little ethylene into the culture vessel headspace”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat callus released very little ethylene into the culture vessel headspace.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Outcome
- released very little ethylene into the culture vessel headspacee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) callus grew well in the petri dish system and released very little ethylene into the culture vessel headspace”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat callus growth was better under illuminated than under darkened conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- illuminatede4
- Outcome
- Growthe4
- Direction
- bettere4
- Comparator
- darkened conditionse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) callus grew well in the petri dish system and released very little ethylene into the culture vessel headspace”
e4“Growth was better under illuminated than darkened conditions and under moderate (25°C) compared with high (35°C) incubation temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat callus growth was better at moderate (25°C) than at high (35°C) incubation temperature.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Treatment
- moderate (25°C)e4
- Outcome
- Growthe4
- Direction
- bettere4
- Comparator
- high (35°C)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) callus grew well in the petri dish system and released very little ethylene into the culture vessel headspace”
e4“Growth was better under illuminated than darkened conditions and under moderate (25°C) compared with high (35°C) incubation temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat callus growth was only marginally better in large than in small culture vessels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- large compared with small culture vesselse5
- Outcome
- callus growthe5
- Direction
- only marginally bettere5
- Comparator
- small culture vesselse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Furthermore, wheat callus growth was only marginally better in large compared with small culture vessels”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene was not a restrictive factor of wheat callus growth, as only low levels were detected in all incubation conditions.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume6
- Compound
- Ethylenee6
- Outcome
- wheat callus growthe6
- Qualifier
- only low levels were detected in all conditions of incubatione6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Ethylene was not a restrictive factor of wheat callus growth since only low levels were detected in all conditions of incubation”
Claim · model-written summary
Better control of ethylene and increased oxygen availability could increase cell and tissue production for genetic engineering of recalcitrant species such as rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae7
- Treatment
- Better control of ethylene and increased oxygen availabilitye7
- Outcome
- increasing cell and tissue productione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Better control of ethylene and increased oxygen availability could be a way of increasing cell and tissue production for genetic engineering studies of otherwise recalcitrant species such as rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Better control of ethylene and increased oxygen availability may improve manipulation of wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Outcome
- improving manipulation of wheate1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“may be a way of improving manipulation of wheat”
The same questions in other papers
glycine · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- no effect
- positive
1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →silver(1+) nitrate · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.