Abstract
Background: The application of biosolid as a fertilizer in agricultural cultivation is a common practice in many countries. This study investigates the effects of sewage sludge and compost usage on soil chemical properties and Zea mays nutrition in comparison with those of iron and manganese sulfate solution. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design with the following treatments: sewage sludge and compost with three levels (0, 25 and 50 t ha−1) and iron and manganese sulfate solution (1 g l−1 solution) with three replications. Results: The application of sewage sludge (50 t ha−1) had highly significant (P < 0.01) positive effects on cation exchange capacity and organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and manganese diethylenetetramine-penta-aceticacid-extractable in soil, and nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and manganese in plant. Also, compost application (50 t ha−1) increased significantly (P < 0.01) the electrical conductivity in soil and potassium in soil and plant. Dry biomass increased significantly (P < 0.01) from 7.7 to 28.7 g per pot with sewage sludge application (50 t ha−1). Conclusions: Application of biosolid as fertilizer sources has become a common practice in Iran, especially in the agricultural lands. The reuse of these nutrients had some beneficial effects on soil fertility, such as increased cation exchange capacity, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorous, iron and manganese. However, these benefits were limited by the presence of some potentially toxic trace metals in biosolid.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge at 50 t ha−1 significantly increased soil cation exchange capacity, organic matter, and several nutrients.
- Treatment
- sewage sludge (50 t ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- cation exchange capacity and organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and manganese diethylenetetramine-penta-aceticacid-extractable in soile0
- Direction
- positive effectse0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sewage sludge (50 t ha−1) had highly significant (P < 0.01) positive effects on cation exchange capacity and organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and manganese diethylenetetramine-penta-aceticacid-extractable in soil”
t0“Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge at 50 t ha−1 significantly increased maize nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and manganese.
- Treatment
- sewage sludge (50 t ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and manganese in plante0
- Direction
- positive effectse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sewage sludge (50 t ha−1) had highly significant (P < 0.01) positive effects on cation exchange capacity and organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and manganese diethylenetetramine-penta-aceticacid-extractable in soil, and nitrogen, phosphorus, iron and manganese in plant”
t0“Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost at 50 t ha−1 significantly increased soil electrical conductivity and potassium.
- Treatment
- compost application (50 t ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- electrical conductivity in soil and potassium in soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compost application (50 t ha−1) increased significantly (P < 0.01) the electrical conductivity in soil and potassium in soil and plant”
t0“Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
Compost at 50 t ha−1 significantly increased plant potassium.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compost application (50 t ha−1) increased significantly (P < 0.01) the electrical conductivity in soil and potassium in soil and plant”
t0“Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
Sewage sludge at 50 t ha−1 increased dry biomass from 7.7 to 28.7 g per pot.
- Treatment
- sewage sludge application (50 t ha−1)e0
- Outcome
- Dry biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 28.7 g per pote0
- Qualifier
- 7.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry biomass increased significantly (P < 0.01) from 7.7 to 28.7 g per pot with sewage sludge application (50 t ha−1)”
t0“Zea mays”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors report soil fertility benefits of reused biosolid nutrients, limited by potentially toxic trace metals.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reuse of these nutrients had some beneficial effects on soil fertility, such as increased cation exchange capacity, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, phosphorous, iron and manganese. However, these benefits were limited by the presence of some potentially toxic trace metals in biosolid”
t0“Zea mays”
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