Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an important element for crop productivity and is widely applied in fertilizers. Most P fertilizers applied to land are sorbed onto soil particles, so research on improving plant uptake of less easily available P is important. In the current study, we investigated the responses in root morphology and root-exuded organic acids (OAs) to low available P (1 μM P) and sufficient P (50 μM P) in barley, canola and micropropagated seedlings of potato-three important food crops with divergent root traits, using a hydroponic plant growth system. We hypothesized that the dicots canola and tuber-producing potato and the monocot barley would respond differently under various P availabilities. WinRHIZO and liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry results suggested that under low P availability, canola developed longer roots and exhibited the fastest root exudation rate for citric acid. Barley showed a reduction in root length and root surface area and an increase in root-exuded malic acid under low-P conditions. Potato exuded relatively small amounts of OAs under low P, while there was a marked increase in root tips. Based on the results, we conclude that different crops show divergent morphological and physiological responses to low P availability, having evolved specific traits of root morphology and root exudation that enhance their P-uptake capacity under low-P conditions. These results could underpin future efforts to improve P uptake of the three crops that are of importance for future sustainable crop production.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Canola developed longer roots under low phosphorus.
- Taxon
- canola
.jpg?width=60)
Brassica napus var. napuse0 - Treatment
- low P availabilitye0
- Outcome
- rootse0
- Direction
- longere0
- Comparator
- sufficient P (50 μM P)t0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“under low P availability, canola developed longer roots”
t0“low available P (1 μM P) and sufficient P (50 μM P) in barley”
Claim · model-written summary
Canola had the fastest citric acid root exudation under low phosphorus.
- Taxon
- canolaBrassica napus var. napuse0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- low P availabilitye0
- Outcome
- root exudation rate for citric acide0
- Direction
- fasteste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under low P availability, canola developed longer roots and exhibited the fastest root exudation rate for citric acid.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus reduced barley root length.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- low-P conditionse0
- Outcome
- root lengthe0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Barley showed a reduction in root length and root surface area and an increase in root-exuded malic acid under low-P conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus reduced barley root surface area.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- low-P conditionse0
- Outcome
- root surface areae0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley showed a reduction in root length and root surface area and an increase in root-exuded malic acid under low-P conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low phosphorus increased malic acid exudation in barley.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- roote0
- Treatment
- low-P conditionse0
- Outcome
- root-exuded malic acide0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Barley showed a reduction in root length and root surface area and an increase in root-exuded malic acid under low-P conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato exuded relatively little organic acid under low phosphorus.
- Taxon
- Potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Treatment
- low Pe0
- Outcome
- OAse0
- Direction
- relatively smalle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato exuded relatively small amounts of OAs under low P”
Claim · model-written summary
Potato root tip count markedly increased under low phosphorus.
- Taxon
- PotatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- low Pe0
- Outcome
- root tipse0
- Direction
- marked increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Potato exuded relatively small amounts of OAs under low P, while there was a marked increase in root tips.”
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