Abstract
Despite the fact that roots are the organs most subject to microbial interactions, very little is known about the response of roots to microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). By monitoring transcriptional activation of beta-glucuronidase reporters and MAMP-elicited callose deposition, we show that three MAMPs, the flagellar peptide Flg22, peptidoglycan, and chitin, trigger a strong tissue-specific response in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, either at the elongation zone for Flg22 and peptidoglycan or in the mature parts of the roots for chitin. Ethylene signaling, the 4-methoxy-indole-3-ylmethylglucosinolate biosynthetic pathway, and the PEN2 myrosinase, but not salicylic acid or jasmonic acid signaling, play major roles in this MAMP response. We also show that Flg22 induces the cytochrome P450 CYP71A12-dependent exudation of the phytoalexin camalexin by Arabidopsis roots. The phytotoxin coronatine, an Ile-jasmonic acid mimic produced by Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, suppresses MAMP-activated responses in the roots. This suppression requires the E3 ubiquitin ligase COI1 as well as the transcription factor JIN1/MYC2 but does not rely on salicylic acid-jasmonic acid antagonism. These experiments demonstrate the presence of highly orchestrated and tissue-specific MAMP responses in roots and potential pathogen-encoded mechanisms to block these MAMP-elicited signaling pathways.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Flg22 triggered a strong response in the root elongation zone.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Organ / stage
- elongation zonee0
- Treatment
- Flg22e0
- Outcome
- strong tissue-specific responsee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Arabidopsis Roots”
e0“the flagellar peptide Flg22, peptidoglycan, and chitin, trigger a strong tissue-specific response in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, either at the elongation zone for Flg22 and peptidoglycan or in the mature parts of the roots for chitin”
Claim · model-written summary
Peptidoglycan triggered a strong response in the root elongation zone.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Organ / stage
- elongation zonee0
- Treatment
- peptidoglycane0
- Outcome
- strong tissue-specific responsee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peptidoglycan, and chitin, trigger a strong tissue-specific response in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, either at the elongation zone for Flg22 and peptidoglycan”
Claim · model-written summary
Chitin triggered a strong response in mature roots.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Organ / stage
- mature parts of the rootse0
- Treatment
- chitine0
- Outcome
- strong tissue-specific responsee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“chitin, trigger a strong tissue-specific response in Arabidopsis thaliana roots, either at the elongation zone for Flg22 and peptidoglycan or in the mature parts of the roots for chitin”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene signaling, glucosinolate biosynthesis and PEN2 played major roles in the MAMP response.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- PEN2 myrosinasee0
- Outcome
- MAMP responsee0
- Qualifier
- Ethylene signalinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene signaling, the 4-methoxy-indole-3-ylmethylglucosinolate biosynthetic pathway, and the PEN2 myrosinase, but not salicylic acid or jasmonic acid signaling, play major roles in this MAMP response.”
t0“Arabidopsis Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling did not play major roles in the root MAMP response.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- MAMP responsee0
- Qualifier
- salicylic acid or jasmonic acid signalinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not salicylic acid or jasmonic acid signaling, play major roles in this MAMP response.”
t0“Arabidopsis Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Flg22 induced CYP71A12-dependent camalexin exudation from Arabidopsis roots.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Flg22e0
- Gene
- CYP71A12e0
- Outcome
- exudation of the phytoalexin camalexine0
- Direction
- inducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Flg22 induces the cytochrome P450 CYP71A12-dependent exudation of the phytoalexin camalexin by Arabidopsis roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Coronatine suppressed MAMP-activated root responses.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- coronatinee0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pathovars
Pseudomonas syringaee0pathogen - Outcome
- MAMP-activated responsese0
- Direction
- suppressese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The phytotoxin coronatine, an Ile-jasmonic acid mimic produced by Pseudomonas syringae pathovars, suppresses MAMP-activated responses in the roots.”
t0“Arabidopsis Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Coronatine suppression required COI1 and JIN1/MYC2.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Gene
- COI1e0
- Outcome
- suppressione0
- Qualifier
- JIN1/MYC2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This suppression requires the E3 ubiquitin ligase COI1 as well as the transcription factor JIN1/MYC2”
t0“Arabidopsis Roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Coronatine suppression did not rely on salicylic acid-jasmonic acid antagonism.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Outcome
- suppressione0
- Qualifier
- salicylic acid-jasmonic acid antagonisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This suppression requires the E3 ubiquitin ligase COI1 as well as the transcription factor JIN1/MYC2 but does not rely on salicylic acid-jasmonic acid antagonism.”
t0“Arabidopsis Roots”
The same questions in other papers
Coronatine · Pseudomonas syringae · ArabidopsisResults agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
resistance inducer · molecular: metabolites · ArabidopsisPositive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.