Abstract
Yeast elicitor (YEL) induces stomatal closure that is mediated by a Ca(2+)-dependent signaling pathway. A Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase, CPK6, positively regulates activation of ion channels in abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate signaling, leading to stomatal closure in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). YEL also inhibits light-induced stomatal opening. However, it remains unknown whether CPK6 is involved in induction by YEL of stomatal closure or in inhibition by YEL of light-induced stomatal opening. In this study, we investigated the roles of CPK6 in induction by YEL of stomatal closure and inhibition by YEL of light-induced stomatal opening in Arabidopsis. Disruption of CPK6 gene impaired induction by YEL of stomatal closure and inhibition by YEL of light-induced stomatal opening. Activation by YEL of nonselective Ca(2+)-permeable cation channels was impaired in cpk6-2 guard cells, and transient elevations elicited by YEL in cytosolic-free Ca(2+) concentration were suppressed in cpk6-2 and cpk6-1 guard cells. YEL activated slow anion channels in wild-type guard cells but not in cpk6-2 or cpk6-1 and inhibited inward-rectifying K(+) channels in wild-type guard cells but not in cpk6-2 or cpk6-1. The cpk6-2 and cpk6-1 mutations inhibited YEL-induced hydrogen peroxide accumulation in guard cells and apoplast of rosette leaves but did not affect YEL-induced hydrogen peroxide production in the apoplast of rosette leaves. These results suggest that CPK6 positively functions in induction by YEL of stomatal closure and inhibition by YEL of light-induced stomatal opening in Arabidopsis and is a convergent point of signaling pathways for stomatal closure in response to abiotic and biotic stress.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
CPK6 disruption impaired elicitor-induced stomatal closure.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis
Arabidopsist0 - Treatment
- Disruption of CPK6 genee0
- Gene
- CPK6e0
- Outcome
- stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disruption of CPK6 gene impaired induction by YEL of stomatal closure and inhibition by YEL of light-induced stomatal opening.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
CPK6 disruption impaired elicitor inhibition of light-induced stomatal opening.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Treatment
- Disruption of CPK6 genee0
- Gene
- CPK6e0
- Outcome
- inhibition by YEL of light-induced stomatal openinge0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Disruption of CPK6 gene impaired induction by YEL of stomatal closure and inhibition by YEL of light-induced stomatal opening.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
YEL activation of nonselective calcium-permeable cation channels was impaired in cpk6-2 guard cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- cpk6-2e0
- Organ / stage
- guard cellse0
- Treatment
- YELe0
- Outcome
- nonselective Ca(2+)-permeable cation channelse0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activation by YEL of nonselective Ca(2+)-permeable cation channels was impaired in cpk6-2 guard cells”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
YEL-elicited cytosolic calcium elevations were suppressed in cpk6-2 and cpk6-1 guard cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- cpk6-2 and cpk6-1e0
- Organ / stage
- guard cellse0
- Treatment
- YELe0
- Outcome
- cytosolic-free Ca(2+) concentratione0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“transient elevations elicited by YEL in cytosolic-free Ca(2+) concentration were suppressed in cpk6-2 and cpk6-1 guard cells.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
YEL activated slow anion channels in wild-type but not cpk6 guard cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- wild-typee0
- Treatment
- YELe0
- Outcome
- slow anion channelse0
- Direction
- activatede0
- Comparator
- cpk6-2 or cpk6-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“YEL activated slow anion channels in wild-type guard cells but not in cpk6-2 or cpk6-1”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
YEL inhibited inward-rectifying potassium channels in wild-type but not cpk6 guard cells.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- wild-typee0
- Treatment
- YELe0
- Outcome
- inward-rectifying K(+) channelse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- cpk6-2 or cpk6-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“YEL activated slow anion channels in wild-type guard cells but not in cpk6-2 or cpk6-1 and inhibited inward-rectifying K(+) channels in wild-type guard cells but not in cpk6-2 or cpk6-1.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
cpk6 mutations inhibited YEL-induced hydrogen peroxide accumulation in guard cells and rosette leaf apoplast.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Material
- cpk6-2 and cpk6-1e0
- Organ / stage
- guard cells and apoplast of rosette leavese0
- Treatment
- cpk6-2 and cpk6-1 mutationse0
- Outcome
- YEL-induced hydrogen peroxide accumulatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cpk6-2 and cpk6-1 mutations inhibited YEL-induced hydrogen peroxide accumulation in guard cells and apoplast of rosette leaves”
t0“Arabidopsis”
Claim · model-written summary
cpk6 mutations did not affect YEL-induced hydrogen peroxide production in rosette leaf apoplast.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsist0
- Organ / stage
- apoplast of rosette leavese0
- Treatment
- cpk6-2 and cpk6-1 mutationse0
- Outcome
- YEL-induced hydrogen peroxide productione0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cpk6-2 and cpk6-1 mutations inhibited YEL-induced hydrogen peroxide accumulation in guard cells and apoplast of rosette leaves but did not affect YEL-induced hydrogen peroxide production in the apoplast of rosette leaves.”
t0“Arabidopsis”
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