Abstract
Andrographis paniculata is an important medicinal herb in the family of the Acanthaceae. Low seed germination is one of the main problems in A. paniculata. The current study focused on the seed dormancy and effective methods to enhance the seed germination. For this purpose, two experiments were carried out: (1) Testing different mechanical and chemical scarification methods; (2) studying the impact of seed and seed coat proteins on the scarified seeds. The results showed that all scarification methods increased the germination percentage, while seed and seed coat protein extracts decreased it. The fastest and highest germination was obtained using scarification with sandpaper (71.33% at the third day after the scarification). The germination was further increased up to 94% after 20 days. Finally, to identify the role of seed and seed coat proteins on the seed dormancy and germination, the proteins were analyzed on the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Three polymorphic bands were detected in total. However, the hard seed coat layer may physically affect the seed dormancy, but the presence of a specific protein sized 75 kDa in the seed coat and two proteins sized 31 and 69 kDa in endosperm may cause the physiological dormancy. Our findings suggested that a combination of physical and physiological mechanisms control the dormancy of A. paniculata seed. Key words: Andrographis paniculata, seed protein, scarification, seed dormancy, seed germination.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Scarification methods increased germination percentage.
- Taxon
- Andrographis paniculata
_in_Narshapur_forest%2C_AP_W2_IMG_0867.jpg?width=60)
Andrographis paniculatat0 - Treatment
- scarification methodse0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_in_Narshapur_forest%2C_AP_W2_IMG_0867.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that all scarification methods increased the germination percentage, while seed and seed coat protein extracts decreased it.”
t0“Andrographis paniculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed and seed coat protein extracts decreased germination percentage.
- Taxon
- Andrographis paniculataAndrographis paniculatat0
- Treatment
- seed and seed coat protein extractse0
- Outcome
- germination percentagee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that all scarification methods increased the germination percentage, while seed and seed coat protein extracts decreased it.”
t0“Andrographis paniculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Sandpaper scarification produced 71.33% germination on day three.
- Taxon
- Andrographis paniculataAndrographis paniculatat0
- Treatment
- scarification with sandpapere0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 71.33%e0
- Qualifier
- at the third day after the scarificatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fastest and highest germination was obtained using scarification with sandpaper (71.33% at the third day after the scarification).”
t0“Andrographis paniculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination increased to 94% after 20 days.
- Taxon
- Andrographis paniculataAndrographis paniculatat0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 94%e0
- Qualifier
- after 20 dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination was further increased up to 94% after 20 days.”
t0“Andrographis paniculata”
Claim · model-written summary
Three polymorphic protein bands were detected.
- Taxon
- Andrographis paniculataAndrographis paniculatat0
- Outcome
- polymorphic bandse0
- Value
- Threee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three polymorphic bands were detected in total.”
t0“Andrographis paniculata”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest hard seed coat and specific proteins jointly control seed dormancy.
- Taxon
- Andrographis paniculataAndrographis paniculatat0
- Organ / stage
- seed coate0
- Outcome
- seed dormancye0
- Qualifier
- hard seed coat layere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the hard seed coat layer may physically affect the seed dormancy, but the presence of a specific protein sized 75 kDa in the seed coat and two proteins sized 31 and 69 kDa in endosperm may cause the physiological dormancy.”
t0“Andrographis paniculata”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.