Abstract
Recent studies on the interactions between plants and pathogenic microorganisms indicate that the processes of disease symptom development and pathogen growth can be uncoupled. Thus, in many instances, the symptoms associated with disease represent an active host response to the presence of a pathogen. These host responses are frequently mediated by phytohormones. For example, ethylene and salicylic acid (SA) mediate symptom development but do not influence bacterial growth in the interaction between tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and virulent Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria (Xcv). It is not apparent why extensive tissue death is integral to a defense response if it does not have the effect of limiting pathogen proliferation. One possible function for this hormone-mediated response is to induce a systemic defense response. We therefore assessed the systemic responses of tomato to Xcv. SA- and ethylene-deficient transgenic lines were used to investigate the roles of these phytohormones in systemic signaling. Virulent and avirulent Xcv did induce a systemic response as evidenced by expression of defense-associated pathogenesis-related genes in an ethylene- and SA-dependent manner. This systemic response reduced cell death but not bacterial growth during subsequent challenge with virulent Xcv. This systemic acquired tolerance (SAT) consists of reduced tissue damage in response to secondary challenge with a virulent pathogen with no effect upon pathogen growth. SAT was associated with a rapid ethylene and pathogenesis-related gene induction upon challenge. SAT was also induced by infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato. These data show that SAT resembles systemic acquired resistance without inhibition of pathogen growth.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Virulent and avirulent Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria induced a systemic response in tomato in an ethylene- and salicylic acid-dependent manner.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- Virulent and avirulent Xcve1
- Interactor
- Xcve1pathogen
- Outcome
- expression of defense-associated pathogenesis-related genese1
- Direction
- inducee1
- Comparator
- SA- and ethylene-deficient transgenic linese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We therefore assessed the systemic responses of tomato to Xcv”
e1“Virulent and avirulent Xcv did induce a systemic response as evidenced by expression of defense-associated pathogenesis-related genes in an ethylene- and SA-dependent manner”
e2“SA- and ethylene-deficient transgenic lines were used”
Claim · model-written summary
The systemic response reduced cell death during subsequent challenge with virulent Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- subsequent challenge with virulent Xcve3
- Interactor
- Xcve3pathogen
- Outcome
- cell deathe3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We therefore assessed the systemic responses of tomato to Xcv”
e3“This systemic response reduced cell death but not bacterial growth during subsequent challenge with virulent Xcv”
Claim · model-written summary
The systemic response had no effect on pathogen growth during challenge with a virulent pathogen.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- secondary challenge with a virulent pathogene6
- Interactor
- Xcve0pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogen growthe6
- Direction
- no effecte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We therefore assessed the systemic responses of tomato to Xcv”
e6“consists of reduced tissue damage in response to secondary challenge with a virulent pathogen with no effect upon pathogen growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Systemic acquired tolerance was associated with a rapid ethylene and pathogenesis-related gene induction upon challenge.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- upon challengee4
- Compound
- ethylenee4
- Outcome
- pathogenesis-related gene inductione4
- Direction
- increaseinferrede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We therefore assessed the systemic responses of tomato to Xcv”
e4“SAT was associated with a rapid ethylene and pathogenesis-related gene induction upon challenge”
Claim · model-written summary
Systemic acquired tolerance was also induced by infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomatoe5
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato
Pseudomonas syringaee5pathogen - Outcome
- SATe5
- Direction
- inducede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We therefore assessed the systemic responses of tomato to Xcv”
e5“SAT was also induced by infection with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato”
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52 papers more in this group
See all 56 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.