Abstract
Wheat and rice are the major food staples around the globe including Pakistan. The challenge of increasing food production in the next 20 years to match population growth is daunting and warrants improvement in the quality of natural resources for growing more food from marginal and degraded lands. Cost of cultivation must be reduced and at the same time, efficiency of resources like irrigation water, fuel, fertilizers must be improved to make the crop production system more viable and ecofriendly. Resource Conserving Technology (RCT) must figure highly in this equation since it plays a crucial role in achieving the above goals. The RCTs include laser land leveling, zero-tillage, bed furrow irrigation method and crop residue management. These technologies were evaluated in irrigated areas of Punjab province where rice follows wheat. Water use efficiency was increased by 20% in laser leveled fields. Zero-tillage technology resulted in a significant saving of irrigation water (22%), fuel (78%), cultivation (88%) and herbicide use (33%) compared to conventional, thus increasing yields and farmer’s profits. Soil properties and microbial population including bacteria, fungi and actinomyces improved in the zero-till fields. Planting of wheat on raised beds is making headway in low-lying and poorly drained areas. Thus, resource conservation tillage technology provides a tool for making progress towards improving and sustaining wheat production, helping with food security and poverty alleviation in Pakistan in the next few decades. Key Word: Rice; Wheat; Cropping system; Sustainability; Resource conservation
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Laser leveling increased water use efficiency by 20% in wheat fields.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- laser leveled fieldse1
- Outcome
- Water use efficiencye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 20%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Improving the sustainability of wheat production in irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan through conservation tillage technology.”
e1“Water use efficiency was increased by 20% in laser leveled fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero-tillage significantly decreased irrigation water use by 22% compared with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zero-tillage technologye2
- Outcome
- irrigation watere2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- 22%e2
- Comparator
- conventionale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Improving the sustainability of wheat production in irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan through conservation tillage technology.”
e2“Zero-tillage technology resulted in a significant saving of irrigation water (22%), fuel (78%), cultivation (88%) and herbicide use (33%) compared to conventional”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero-tillage significantly decreased fuel use by 78% compared with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zero-tillage technologye2
- Outcome
- fuele2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- 78%e2
- Comparator
- conventionale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Improving the sustainability of wheat production in irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan through conservation tillage technology.”
e2“Zero-tillage technology resulted in a significant saving of irrigation water (22%), fuel (78%), cultivation (88%) and herbicide use (33%) compared to conventional”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero-tillage significantly decreased cultivation by 88% compared with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zero-tillage technologye2
- Outcome
- cultivatione2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- 88%e2
- Comparator
- conventionale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Improving the sustainability of wheat production in irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan through conservation tillage technology.”
e2“Zero-tillage technology resulted in a significant saving of irrigation water (22%), fuel (78%), cultivation (88%) and herbicide use (33%) compared to conventional”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero-tillage significantly decreased herbicide use by 33% compared with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zero-tillage technologye2
- Outcome
- herbicide usee2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Value
- 33%e2
- Comparator
- conventionale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Improving the sustainability of wheat production in irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan through conservation tillage technology.”
e2“Zero-tillage technology resulted in a significant saving of irrigation water (22%), fuel (78%), cultivation (88%) and herbicide use (33%) compared to conventional”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero-tillage increased wheat yields and farmers profits compared with conventional tillage.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Zero-tillage technologye2
- Outcome
- yieldse3
- Direction
- increasinge3
- Comparator
- conventionale2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Improving the sustainability of wheat production in irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan through conservation tillage technology.”
e2“Zero-tillage technology resulted in a significant saving of irrigation water (22%), fuel (78%), cultivation (88%) and herbicide use (33%) compared to conventional”
e3“thus increasing yields and farmer’s profits”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil properties and microbial populations improved in zero-till fields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- zero-tille4
- Outcome
- Soil properties and microbial populatione4
- Direction
- improvede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Improving the sustainability of wheat production in irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan through conservation tillage technology.”
e4“Soil properties and microbial population including bacteria, fungi and actinomyces improved in the zero-till fields”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat planting on raised beds is making headway in low-lying and poorly drained areas.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- making headwaye5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Improving the sustainability of wheat production in irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan through conservation tillage technology.”
e5“Planting of wheat on raised beds is making headway in low-lying and poorly drained areas”
Claim · model-written summary
Resource conservation tillage is a tool for sustaining wheat production in Pakistan.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- sustaining wheat productione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Improving the sustainability of wheat production in irrigated areas of Punjab, Pakistan through conservation tillage technology.”
e6“resource conservation tillage technology provides a tool for making progress towards improving and sustaining wheat production”
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