Abstract
Superior effectiveness of Mg over Ca in alleviating Al rhizotoxicity cannot be accounted for by predicted changes in plasma membrane Al3+ activity. The influence of Ca and Mg on the production and secretion of citrate and malate, and on Al accumulation by roots was investigated with soybean genotypes Young and PI 416937 which differ in Al tolerance. In the presence of a solution Al3+ activity of 4.6 microM, citrate and malate concentrations of tap root tips of both genotypes increased with additions of either Ca up to 3 mM or Mg up to 50 microM. Citrate efflux rate from roots exposed to Al was only enhanced with Mg additions and exceeded malate efflux rates by as much as 50-fold. Maximum citrate release occurred within 12 h after adding Mg to solution treatments. Adding 50 microM Mg to 0.8 mM CaSO4 solutions containing Al3+ activities up to 4.6 microM increased citrate concentration of tap root tips by 3- to 5-fold and root exudation of citrate by 6- to 9-fold. Plants treated with either 50 microM Mg or 3 mM Ca had similar reductions in Al accumulation at tap root tips, which coincided with the respective ability of these ions to relieve Al rhizotoxicity. Amelioration of Al inhibition of soybean root elongation by low concentrations of Mg in solution involved Mg-stimulated production and efflux of citrate by roots.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Ca up to 3 mM increased citrate and malate concentrations of soybean root tap root tips in both genotypes at Al3+ activity of 4.6 microM.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- Young and PI 416937e0
- Organ / stage
- tap root tipse1
- Treatment
- Ca up to 3 mMe1
- Outcome
- citrate and malate concentrations of tap root tipse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- 4.6 microMe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean genotypes Young and PI 416937 which differ in Al tolerance”
e1“In the presence of a solution Al3+ activity of 4.6 microM, citrate and malate concentrations of tap root tips of both genotypes increased with additions of either Ca up to 3 mM or Mg up to 50 microM”
Claim · model-written summary
Mg up to 50 microM increased citrate and malate concentrations of soybean tap root tips in both genotypes at Al3+ activity of 4.6 microM.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- Young and PI 416937e0
- Organ / stage
- tap root tipse1
- Treatment
- Mg up to 50 microMe1
- Outcome
- citrate and malate concentrations of tap root tipse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- 4.6 microMe1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean genotypes Young and PI 416937 which differ in Al tolerance”
e1“In the presence of a solution Al3+ activity of 4.6 microM, citrate and malate concentrations of tap root tips of both genotypes increased with additions of either Ca up to 3 mM or Mg up to 50 microM”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum citrate release from soybean roots occurred within 12 h after adding Mg to the solution.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- adding Mge3
- Outcome
- citrate releasee3
- Direction
- Maximume3
- Qualifier
- within 12 he3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean genotypes Young and PI 416937 which differ in Al tolerance”
e3“Maximum citrate release occurred within 12 h after adding Mg to solution treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 50 microM Mg to 0.8 mM CaSO4 increased citrate concentration of soybean tap root tips by 3- to 5-fold.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Adding 50 microM Mg to 0.8 mM CaSO4e4
- Outcome
- citrate concentration of tap root tipse4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 3- to 5-folde4
- Qualifier
- Al3+ activities up to 4.6 microMe4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean genotypes Young and PI 416937 which differ in Al tolerance”
e4“Adding 50 microM Mg to 0.8 mM CaSO4 solutions containing Al3+ activities up to 4.6 microM increased citrate concentration of tap root tips by 3- to 5-fold”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 50 microM Mg to 0.8 mM CaSO4 increased root exudation of citrate from soybean by 6- to 9-fold.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Adding 50 microM Mg to 0.8 mM CaSO4e4
- Outcome
- root exudation of citratee4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Value
- 6- to 9-folde4
- Qualifier
- Al3+ activities up to 4.6 microMe4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean genotypes Young and PI 416937 which differ in Al tolerance”
e4“Adding 50 microM Mg to 0.8 mM CaSO4 solutions containing Al3+ activities up to 4.6 microM increased citrate concentration of tap root tips by 3- to 5-fold and root exudation of citrate by 6- to 9-fold”
Claim · model-written summary
Mg at 50 microM and Ca at 3 mM gave similar reductions in Al accumulation at soybean tap root tips.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- 50 microM Mge5
- Outcome
- Al accumulation at tap root tipse5
- Direction
- similar reductionse5
- Comparator
- 3 mM Cae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean genotypes Young and PI 416937 which differ in Al tolerance”
e5“Plants treated with either 50 microM Mg or 3 mM Ca had similar reductions in Al accumulation at tap root tips”
Claim · model-written summary
Mg-stimulated production and efflux of citrate by roots are involved in the amelioration of Al inhibition of soybean root elongation at low Mg concentrations.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe6
- Treatment
- low concentrations of Mge6
- Compound
- citratee6
- Outcome
- root elongatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Amelioration of Al inhibition of soybean root elongation by low concentrations of Mg in solution involved Mg-stimulated production and efflux of citrate by roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Mg additions enhanced citrate efflux from Al-exposed soybean roots, exceeding malate efflux by up to 50-fold.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Mg additionse2
- Outcome
- Citrate efflux ratee2
- Direction
- enhancede2
- Value
- 50-folde2
- Comparator
- malate efflux ratese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean genotypes Young and PI 416937 which differ in Al tolerance”
e2“Citrate efflux rate from roots exposed to Al was only enhanced with Mg additions and exceeded malate efflux rates by as much as 50-fold”
Claim · model-written summary
Mg is superior to Ca in alleviating soybean Al rhizotoxicity, which predicted changes in plasma membrane Al3+ activity do not explain.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Mge7
- Outcome
- alleviating Al rhizotoxicitye7
- Direction
- Superiore7
- Qualifier
- predicted changes in plasma membrane Al3+ activitye7
- Comparator
- Cae7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soybean genotypes Young and PI 416937 which differ in Al tolerance”
e7“Superior effectiveness of Mg over Ca in alleviating Al rhizotoxicity cannot be accounted for by predicted changes in plasma membrane Al3+ activity”
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.