Abstract
Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds have sufficiently high oxalate concentration that they are not recommended for consumption by individuals prone to formation of kidney stones. One possible precursor of oxalate is glyoxylic acid and this acid is formed in soybean seeds as a product of ureide catabolism. A nodulating soybean variety was compared with its nonnodulating isoline and the lack of nodules resulted in significant decline in ureide supply to developing seeds. However, oxalate concentrations in the seeds of the isoline were not reduced, suggesting that oxalate is not formed via glyoxylate in soybean seeds. Because oxalate and Ca concentrations are often correlated, manipulation of Ca supply to soybean plants was also studied by increasing Ca supply during pod development by 3.5‐fold relative to the level in the rooting medium. Surprisingly, there was no significant effect of Ca supply on Ca concentrations in leaves, pod walls, or seeds, indicating that Ca accumulation is stable in spite of Ca supply. The Ca treatment also did not significantly alter oxalate accumulation in developing seeds. In spite of this lack of treatment effect, the correlation of oxalate and Ca concentrations within sampling times was generally significant. Oxalate concentration was 2‐ to 3‐fold higher in developing seeds than in mature seeds. It is concluded that (i) the correlation between Ca and oxalate in developing soybean seeds is probably related to unknown factors influencing oxalate accumulation and the subsequent binding of Ca by the oxalate accumulated, (ii) lowering oxalate in soybean seeds will most likely be achieved by selection of low‐oxalate genotypes, and (iii) because oxalate concentrations are higher in immature soybean seeds than in mature seeds, those prone to formation of kidney stones should be cautious about consuming immature soybeans.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The nonnodulating isoline had a significant decline in ureide supply to developing seeds.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Outcome
- ureide supply to developing seedse0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedMaterial
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lack of nodules resulted in significant decline in ureide supply to developing seeds”
e1“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalate concentration was not reduced in nonnodulating isoline seeds.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- isolinee0
- Outcome
- oxalate concentrations in the seedse0
- Direction
- not reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“oxalate concentrations in the seeds of the isoline were not reduced”
e1“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased calcium supply had no significant effect on calcium concentrations in leaves, pod walls or seeds.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- increasing Ca supply during pod development by 3.5‐folde0
- Outcome
- Ca concentrations in leaves, pod walls, or seedse1
- Direction
- no significant effecte1
- Comparator
- level in the rooting mediume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing Ca supply during pod development by 3.5‐fold relative to the level in the rooting medium”
e1“there was no significant effect of Ca supply on Ca concentrations in leaves, pod walls, or seeds”
e2“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The calcium treatment did not significantly alter oxalate accumulation in developing seeds.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- Ca treatmente0
- Outcome
- oxalate accumulation in developing seedse0
- Direction
- did not significantly altere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Ca treatment also did not significantly alter oxalate accumulation in developing seeds”
e1“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxalate and calcium concentrations were generally significantly correlated within sampling times.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Compound
- Cae0
- Outcome
- oxalatee0
- Qualifier
- within sampling timese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the correlation of oxalate and Ca concentrations within sampling times was generally significant”
e1“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Developing seeds had 2‐ to 3‐fold higher oxalate concentration than mature seeds.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- developing seedse0
- Outcome
- Oxalate concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2‐ to 3‐folde0
- Comparator
- mature seedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Oxalate concentration was 2‐ to 3‐fold higher in developing seeds than in mature seeds”
e1“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that unknown factors drive oxalate accumulation and calcium binding.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- oxalate accumulatione0
- Qualifier
- unknown factorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“unknown factors influencing oxalate accumulation and the subsequent binding of Ca by the oxalate accumulated”
e1“Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend selection of low-oxalate genotypes to lower soybean seed oxalate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- selection of low‐oxalate genotypese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowering oxalate in soybean seeds will most likely be achieved by selection of low‐oxalate genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors caution kidney-stone-prone people about consuming immature soybeans.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- cautious about consuming immature soybeanse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“those prone to formation of kidney stones should be cautious about consuming immature soybeans”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · nutrient: content · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
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See all 16 papers →calcium atom · molecular: metabolites · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.