Abstract
Abstract The objectives of the present study were to investigate the root responses of soybean ( Glycine max L.) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings to cadmium (Cd) stress and to investigate the alleviation effects of Ca and K on rhizotoxicity and absorption of Cd by roots. Soybean and wheat seedlings in a hydroponic system were exposed to Cd‐spiked solutions (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 μM) with different Ca (0.5, 1, and 10 mM) and K (0.3, 1.2, and 9.6 mM) levels for 7 d. The results showed a dramatic reduction in root elongation of soybean due to increased Cd, but increasing Ca and K levels alleviated this reduction in soybean. The amelioration of Cd toxicity by the addition of Ca may be associated with reduced Cd absorption. However, the addition of K in reducing Cd toxicity might not be dependent upon Cd absorption. Compared with soybean, wheat showed a relatively high tolerance to Cd. The alleviation of Cd rhizotoxicity in wheat was more apparent by K than by Ca. We found that the addition of K promoted root elongation but not directly prevent Cd stress, and that the addition of Ca minimized acute rhizotoxicity of Cd in wheat. Moreover, the addition of Ca reduced Cd absorption by soybean and wheat roots. However, the addition of K only reduced Cd absorption by wheat roots.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Cd dramatically reduced soybean root elongation.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- increased Cde0
- Outcome
- root elongatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dramatic reduction in root elongation of soybean due to increased Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing Ca alleviated the Cd-associated reduction in soybean root elongation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- increasing Cae0
- Outcome
- root elongatione1
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing Ca and K levels alleviated this reduction in soybean”
e1“dramatic reduction in root elongation of soybean due to increased Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing K alleviated the Cd-associated reduction in soybean root elongation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- K levelse0
- Outcome
- root elongatione1
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing Ca and K levels alleviated this reduction in soybean”
e1“dramatic reduction in root elongation of soybean due to increased Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Ca alleviation of soybean Cd toxicity may be associated with reduced Cd absorption.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- addition of Cae0
- Outcome
- Cd toxicitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amelioration of Cd toxicity by the addition of Ca may be associated with reduced Cd absorption.”
e1“Compared with soybean, wheat showed”
Claim · model-written summary
K alleviation of Cd toxicity may occur independently of Cd absorption.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- addition of Ke0
- Outcome
- Cd toxicitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of K in reducing Cd toxicity might not be dependent upon Cd absorption.”
e1“Compared with soybean, wheat showed”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat was relatively more tolerant to Cd than soybean.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Outcome
- tolerance to Cde0
- Direction
- relatively highe0
- Comparator
- soybeane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with soybean, wheat showed a relatively high tolerance to Cd.”
Claim · model-written summary
K alleviated wheat Cd rhizotoxicity more than Ca.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Ke0
- Outcome
- alleviation of Cd rhizotoxicitye0
- Direction
- more apparente0
- Comparator
- Cae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The alleviation of Cd rhizotoxicity in wheat was more apparent by K than by Ca.”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding K promoted wheat root elongation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- addition of Ke0
- Outcome
- root elongatione0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of K promoted root elongation but not directly prevent Cd stress”
e1“Compared with soybean, wheat showed”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding K did not directly prevent wheat Cd stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- addition of Ke0
- Outcome
- Cd stresse0
- Direction
- not directly prevente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of K promoted root elongation but not directly prevent Cd stress”
e1“Compared with soybean, wheat showed”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding Ca minimized acute Cd rhizotoxicity in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- addition of Cae0
- Outcome
- acute rhizotoxicity of Cde0
- Direction
- minimizede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of Ca minimized acute rhizotoxicity of Cd in wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding Ca reduced Cd absorption by soybean roots.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- addition of Cae0
- Outcome
- Cd absorptione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of Ca reduced Cd absorption by soybean and wheat roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding Ca reduced Cd absorption by wheat roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- addition of Cae0
- Outcome
- Cd absorptione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of Ca reduced Cd absorption by soybean and wheat roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding K reduced Cd absorption by wheat roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- addition of Ke0
- Outcome
- Cd absorptione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the addition of K only reduced Cd absorption by wheat roots”
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See all 82 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.