Abstract
In this study we investigated the role of ethylene in the formation of lateral and adventitious roots in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) using mutants isolated for altered ethylene signaling and fruit ripening. Mutations that block ethylene responses and delay ripening -Nr (Never ripe), gr (green ripe), nor (non ripening), and rin (ripening inhibitor) - have enhanced lateral root formation. In contrast, the epi (epinastic) mutant, which has elevated ethylene and constitutive ethylene signaling in some tissues, or treatment with the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC), reduces lateral root formation. Treatment with ACC inhibits the initiation and elongation of lateral roots, except in the Nr genotype. Root basipetal and acropetal indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) transport increase with ACC treatments or in the epi mutant, while in the Nr mutant there is less auxin transport than in the wild type and transport is insensitive to ACC. In contrast, the process of adventitious root formation shows the opposite response to ethylene, with ACC treatment and the epi mutation increasing adventitious root formation and the Nr mutation reducing the number of adventitious roots. In hypocotyls, ACC treatment negatively regulated IAA transport while the Nr mutant showed increased IAA transport in hypocotyls. Ethylene significantly reduces free IAA content in roots, but only subtly changes free IAA content in tomato hypocotyls. These results indicate a negative role for ethylene in lateral root formation and a positive role in adventitious root formation with modulation of auxin transport as a central point of ethylene-auxin crosstalk.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene-response and ripening mutants had enhanced lateral root formation.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Material
- Nr (Never ripe), gr (green ripe), nor (non ripening), and rin (ripening inhibitor)e0
- Outcome
- lateral root formatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mutations that block ethylene responses and delay ripening -Nr (Never ripe), gr (green ripe), nor (non ripening), and rin (ripening inhibitor) - have enhanced lateral root formation.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The epi mutant reduced lateral root formation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- epi (epinastic) mutante0
- Outcome
- lateral root formatione0
- Direction
- reducese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the epi (epinastic) mutant, which has elevated ethylene and constitutive ethylene signaling in some tissues, or treatment with the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC), reduces lateral root formation.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC treatment reduced lateral root formation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- treatment with the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC)e0
- Outcome
- lateral root formatione0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment with the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid (ACC), reduces lateral root formation.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC inhibited lateral root initiation and elongation except in Nr.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ACCe0
- Outcome
- initiation and elongation of lateral rootse0
- Direction
- inhibitse0
- Qualifier
- except in the Nr genotypee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment with ACC inhibits the initiation and elongation of lateral roots, except in the Nr genotype.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC increased basipetal and acropetal root IAA transport.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ACC treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Root basipetal and acropetal indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) transporte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root basipetal and acropetal indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) transport increase with ACC treatments”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The epi mutant increased basipetal and acropetal root IAA transport.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- epi mutante0
- Outcome
- Root basipetal and acropetal indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) transporte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root basipetal and acropetal indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) transport increase with ACC treatments or in the epi mutant”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Nr roots had less auxin transport than wild type and transport was insensitive to ACC.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Nr mutante0
- Outcome
- auxin transporte0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Qualifier
- transport is insensitive to ACCe0
- Comparator
- wild typee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the Nr mutant there is less auxin transport than in the wild type and transport is insensitive to ACC.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC increased adventitious root formation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ACC treatmente0
- Outcome
- adventitious root formatione0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ACC treatment and the epi mutation increasing adventitious root formation”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The epi mutation increased adventitious root formation.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- epi mutatione0
- Outcome
- adventitious root formatione0
- Direction
- increasinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the epi mutation increasing adventitious root formation”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
The Nr mutation reduced the number of adventitious roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Nr mutatione0
- Outcome
- number of adventitious rootse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Nr mutation reducing the number of adventitious roots.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
ACC negatively regulated hypocotyl IAA transport.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- hypocotylse0
- Treatment
- ACC treatmente0
- Outcome
- IAA transporte0
- Direction
- negatively regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In hypocotyls, ACC treatment negatively regulated IAA transport”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Nr increased IAA transport in hypocotyls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- Nr mutante0
- Organ / stage
- hypocotylse0
- Outcome
- IAA transporte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the Nr mutant showed increased IAA transport in hypocotyls.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene significantly reduced free IAA content in roots.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Ethylenee0
- Outcome
- free IAA contente0
- Direction
- reducese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene significantly reduces free IAA content in roots”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethylene only subtly changed free IAA content in tomato hypocotyls.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- hypocotylse0
- Treatment
- Ethylenee0
- Outcome
- free IAA contente0
- Qualifier
- only subtlye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethylene significantly reduces free IAA content in roots, but only subtly changes free IAA content in tomato hypocotyls.”
The same questions in other papers
ethene · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Results differ
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- positive
18 papers more in this group
See all 22 papers →1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid · growth · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.