Abstract
To test the hypothesis that silicon (Si) confers resistance against appressorial penetration of the rice blast fungus, the proportion of appressorial penetration into the leaf epidermis to total appressoria formed was compared among rice plants amended with various rates of silica gel to those plants nonamended. The amounts of Si in the youngest leaves were consistent with the amounts of silica gel applied to the rice plants. Relative Si levels on the adaxial surface of leaves as detected by energy dispersive X-ray analysis also increased with the amounts of silica gel applied. Based on light microscopic observation of the adaxial surface of rice leaves, the proportion of appressorial penetration was reduced by increasing amounts of silica gel applied and increased with the length of period after spray inoculation. Consequently, these results strongly support the hypothesis and suggest that Si in the leaf epidermis may confer resistance against appressorial penetration. Meanwhile, the number of lesions per leaf also decreased with the amount of Si applied, while only a certain part of penetrated appressoria could become sporulating susceptible lesions. This suggests that Si also confers physiological resistance against blast infection after the penetration.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing silica gel rates reduced the proportion of appressorial penetration by the rice blast fungus, compared with non-amended rice plants.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Treatment
- silica gele1
- Interactor
- rice blast fungus
Pyricularia oryzaet0pathogen - Outcome
- proportion of appressorial penetratione2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Comparator
- nonamendede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared among rice plants amended with various rates of silica gel to those plants nonamended”
e2“the proportion of appressorial penetration was reduced by increasing amounts of silica gel applied and increased with the length of period after spray inoculation”
t0“Preventing Appressorial Penetration by the Rice Blast Fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of lesions per rice leaf decreased with the amount of Si applied.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- the amount of Si appliede3
- Interactor
- rice blast fungusPyricularia oryzaet0pathogen
- Outcome
- number of lesions per leafe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared among rice plants amended with various rates of silica gel to those plants nonamended”
e3“the number of lesions per leaf also decreased with the amount of Si applied”
t0“Preventing Appressorial Penetration by the Rice Blast Fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Si in the rice leaf epidermis may confer resistance against appressorial penetration by the rice blast fungus.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- rice blast fungusPyricularia oryzaet0pathogen
- Compound
- Sie4
- Outcome
- resistance against appressorial penetratione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared among rice plants amended with various rates of silica gel to those plants nonamended”
e4“Si in the leaf epidermis may confer resistance against appressorial penetration”
t0“Preventing Appressorial Penetration by the Rice Blast Fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Si also confers physiological resistance against blast infection after penetration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- rice blast fungusPyricularia oryzaet0pathogen
- Compound
- Sie5
- Outcome
- physiological resistance against blast infectione5
- Qualifier
- after the penetratione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared among rice plants amended with various rates of silica gel to those plants nonamended”
e5“Si also confers physiological resistance against blast infection after the penetration”
t0“Preventing Appressorial Penetration by the Rice Blast Fungus”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative Si levels on the adaxial leaf surface increased with the amount of silica gel applied to rice plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- silica gele7
- Outcome
- Relative Si levels on the adaxial surface of leavese7
- Direction
- increasede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared among rice plants amended with various rates of silica gel to those plants nonamended”
e7“Relative Si levels on the adaxial surface of leaves as detected by energy dispersive X-ray analysis also increased with the amounts of silica gel applied”
Claim · model-written summary
Si amounts in the youngest rice leaves were consistent with the amounts of silica gel applied.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae6
- Outcome
- amounts of Si in the youngest leavese6
- Qualifier
- consistent with the amounts of silica gel appliede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“The amounts of Si in the youngest leaves were consistent with the amounts of silica gel applied to the rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The proportion of appressorial penetration increased with the length of the period after spray inoculation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- the length of period after spray inoculatione2
- Interactor
- rice blast fungusPyricularia oryzaet0pathogen
- Outcome
- proportion of appressorial penetratione2
- Direction
- increasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“compared among rice plants amended with various rates of silica gel to those plants nonamended”
e2“the proportion of appressorial penetration was reduced by increasing amounts of silica gel applied and increased with the length of period after spray inoculation”
t0“Preventing Appressorial Penetration by the Rice Blast Fungus”
The same questions in other papers
silicon dioxide · Pyricularia oryzae · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.