Abstract
The influence of storage conditions—temperature, moisture content, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide—on dormancy in rice seed has been investigated. The effects of temperature and oxygen when the seeds have been set to germinate have also been studied. Storage in oxygen accelerates the breaking of dormancy; at lower temperatures, the effect of oxygen is more noticeable. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen have little or no effect except in so far as they exclude oxygen. It is shown that there is a negative linear relationship between storage temperature and log. mean dormancy period of intact seeds over the range 27°C. to 47°C. In the variety tested, the Q10 for the rate of breaking dormancy is 3.38. Variation of moisture content over the range 12.0–14.5 per cent, has little effect at 27°C. and no detectable effect at higher temperatures. When dormant seeds are soaked in water, they attain a moisture content close to 30 per cent. Pre-soaking seeds to achieve moisture contents in this region can stimulate the breaking of dormancy when compared with dry storage. At laboratory temperature (mean about 27°C.) the stimulation caused by pre-soaking intact seeds is usually small and sometimes non-existent, but at a low temperature (3°C.) the stimulation is increased; but dry storage at 3°C. markedly delays the breaking of dormancy. When seeds are dehusked, a large proportion lose their dormancy. Much of the residual dormancy of dehusked seeds can be broken by soaking at laboratory temperature. But in the sample of dehusked seeds used, low temperature did not increase the effect of the pre-soaking, but slightly decreased the stimulation caused by the soaking treatment in this case. The effect of temperature on wet seed has also been investigated when the seed has been set to germinate. Maximum germination of a partially dormant population of seed is achieved at an optimum temperature which is near or somewhat below 27°C. In the sample tested, no germination occurred at 42°C., although in populations which have completely broken dormancy full germination will occur at this temperature. Non-dormant populations of rice seed can germinate at very low oxygen tensions or probably even in the absence of oxygen, but germination of a partially dormant sample is reduced under these circumstances. When oxygen tension is very low there is less germination at 27°C. than at 37°C. In some varieties, at least, there is evidence that the seeds go through a stage when they will germinate in daylight but not in the dark. A simple practical method for rapidly breaking the dormancy of intact seeds is described. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the published work on seeds of other species.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Storage in oxygen accelerates the breaking of rice seed dormancy.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Storage in oxygene1
- Outcome
- breaking of dormancye1
- Direction
- acceleratese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e1“Storage in oxygen accelerates the breaking of dormancy”
Claim · model-written summary
Dormancy period of intact rice seeds decreases log-linearly with storage temperature between 27°C and 47°C.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- storage temperaturee2
- Outcome
- log. mean dormancy periode2
- Direction
- negative linear relationshipe2
- Qualifier
- 27°C. to 47°Ce2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e2“there is a negative linear relationship between storage temperature and log. mean dormancy period of intact seeds over the range 27°C. to 47°C”
Claim · model-written summary
The Q10 for the rate of breaking dormancy is 3.38 in the rice variety tested.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- Q10 for the rate of breaking dormancye3
- Value
- 3.38e3
- Qualifier
- In the variety testede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e3“In the variety tested, the Q10 for the rate of breaking dormancy is 3.38”
Claim · model-written summary
Moisture content of 12.0–14.5 per cent had little effect on dormancy at 27°C and no detectable effect at higher temperatures.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Variation of moisture content over the range 12.0–14.5 per cente4
- Outcome
- effecte4
- Direction
- little effecte4
- Qualifier
- no detectable effect at higher temperaturese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e4“Variation of moisture content over the range 12.0–14.5 per cent, has little effect at 27°C. and no detectable effect at higher temperatures”
Claim · model-written summary
Soaking dormant rice seeds in water brings them to a moisture content close to 30 per cent.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- moisture contente5
- Value
- close to 30 per cente5
- Qualifier
- When dormant seeds are soaked in watere5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e5“When dormant seeds are soaked in water, they attain a moisture content close to 30 per cent”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-soaking seeds to moisture contents near 30 per cent can stimulate the breaking of dormancy compared with dry storage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Pre-soaking seedse6
- Outcome
- breaking of dormancye6
- Direction
- stimulatee6
- Comparator
- dry storagee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e6“Pre-soaking seeds to achieve moisture contents in this region can stimulate the breaking of dormancy when compared with dry storage”
Claim · model-written summary
At laboratory temperature, pre-soaking intact seeds usually gives a small and sometimes non-existent stimulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- pre-soaking intact seedse7
- Outcome
- stimulatione7
- Direction
- smalle7
- Setting
- laboratory temperaturee7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e7“At laboratory temperature (mean about 27°C.) the stimulation caused by pre-soaking intact seeds is usually small and sometimes non-existent”
Claim · model-written summary
At a low temperature (3°C) the stimulation by pre-soaking is increased compared with laboratory temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- low temperature (3°C.)e2
- Outcome
- stimulatione2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- laboratory temperaturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e1“At laboratory temperature (mean about 27°C.) the stimulation caused by pre-soaking intact seeds is usually small and sometimes non-existent”
e2“but at a low temperature (3°C.) the stimulation is increased”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry storage at 3°C markedly delays the breaking of rice seed dormancy.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- dry storage at 3°Ce1
- Outcome
- breaking of dormancye1
- Direction
- delayse1
- Qualifier
- markedlye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e1“dry storage at 3°C. markedly delays the breaking of dormancy”
Claim · model-written summary
When rice seeds are dehusked, a large proportion lose their dormancy.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- dehuskede1
- Outcome
- dormancye1
- Direction
- losee1
- Qualifier
- a large proportione1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e1“When seeds are dehusked, a large proportion lose their dormancy”
Claim · model-written summary
Much of the residual dormancy of dehusked rice seeds can be broken by soaking at laboratory temperature.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- dehusked seedse1
- Treatment
- soaking at laboratory temperaturee1
- Outcome
- residual dormancye1
- Direction
- can be brokene1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e1“Much of the residual dormancy of dehusked seeds can be broken by soaking at laboratory temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
At low temperature, pre-soaking did not increase the effect on dehusked rice seeds.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- dehusked seedse1
- Treatment
- low temperaturee1
- Outcome
- effect of the pre-soakinge1
- Direction
- did not increasee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e1“in the sample of dehusked seeds used, low temperature did not increase the effect of the pre-soaking”
Claim · model-written summary
At low temperature, the stimulation by the soaking treatment on dehusked rice seeds was slightly decreased.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- dehusked seedse1
- Treatment
- low temperaturee1
- Outcome
- the stimulation caused by the soaking treatmente2
- Direction
- slightly decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e1“in the sample of dehusked seeds used, low temperature did not increase the effect of the pre-soaking”
e2“but slightly decreased the stimulation caused by the soaking treatment in this case”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum germination of a partially dormant rice population is reached at an optimum temperature near or somewhat below 27°C.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- partially dormant population of seede1
- Outcome
- Maximum germinatione1
- Qualifier
- at an optimum temperature which is near or somewhat below 27°Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e1“Maximum germination of a partially dormant population of seed is achieved at an optimum temperature which is near or somewhat below 27°C”
Claim · model-written summary
No germination occurred at 42°C in the rice sample tested.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- no germination occurrede1
- Qualifier
- at 42°Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e1“In the sample tested, no germination occurred at 42°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Populations of rice seed that have completely broken dormancy germinate fully at 42°C.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- full germinatione1
- Qualifier
- populations which have completely broken dormancye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e1“in populations which have completely broken dormancy full germination will occur at this temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-dormant rice seed populations can germinate at very low oxygen tensions or probably even without oxygen.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Non-dormant populations of rice seede1
- Treatment
- very low oxygen tensionse1
- Outcome
- germinatee1
- Qualifier
- probably even in the absence of oxygene1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e1“Non-dormant populations of rice seed can germinate at very low oxygen tensions or probably even in the absence of oxygen”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of a partially dormant rice sample is reduced under very low oxygen tensions.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- partially dormant samplee2
- Treatment
- very low oxygen tensionse1
- Outcome
- germinatione2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e1“Non-dormant populations of rice seed can germinate at very low oxygen tensions or probably even in the absence of oxygen”
e2“germination of a partially dormant sample is reduced under these circumstances”
Claim · model-written summary
In some rice varieties, seeds germinate in daylight but not in the dark at one stage of dormancy.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- some varietiese1
- Outcome
- germinate in daylighte1
- Qualifier
- but not in the darke1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“dormancy in rice seed”
e1“In some varieties, at least, there is evidence that the seeds go through a stage when they will germinate in daylight but not in the dark”
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See all 313 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.