Abstract
This study investigated the feasibility of altering the dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) in grass by altering the grass variety and the amount and formulation of K fertilizer application. In experiment 1, treatments were combinations of 2 varieties (Barcel and Hi-Mag) of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb); 2 rates of K (0 and 250 kg/ha), supplied as KCl; and 2 rates of Mg (0 and 60 kg/ha), supplied as MgO. In experiment 2, K fertilizer was applied at 0 or 125 kg/ha as KCl or K2SO4. There was no difference between HiMag and Barcel tall fescue in the concentrations of Mg, S, and Cl. Application of K fertilizer decreased concentrations of Mg, but the magnitude of the decrease was not consistent across harvests. Conversely, application of Mg fertilizer increased Mg concentrations, but again, the magnitude of the increase was not consistent across harvests. The concentrations of Ca were higher in HiMag than in Barcel tall fescue, with the magnitude of the difference increasing from first to last harvest. Potassium fertilizer decreased Ca concentrations in the first, fourth, and fifth harvests only. Calcium concentration was decreased by a greater magnitude in HiMag tall fescue as a result of Mg fertilization. The HiMag tall fescue contained lower concentrations of K than did Barcel tall fescue in the first, second, and third harvests. Application of K fertilizer increased the K concentration in all 5 harvests but did not affect Na concentrations except in the last harvest. The HiMag tall fescue contained less Na than did Barcel, but the magnitude of the difference was affected by K and Mg fertilization. Application of K fertilizer decreased S concentrations in first-harvest grass, increased concentrations in second-and third-harvest grasses, and had no effect in fourth-or fifth-harvest grasses. Application of Mg fertilizer decreased S concentrations of tall fescue. Application of K fertilizer increased DCAD values for grass harvested from the second through fifth harvests. The increase in DCAD attributable to K fertilizer was less in HiMag than in Barcel tall fescue. Application of K fertilizer as K2SO4 increased dry matter yield and S concentrations of HiMag tall fescue, whereas K applied as KCl increased concentrations of K and Cl. There was no effect of fertilizer formulation on Na concentrations. The DCAD was lower in HiMag tall fescue fertilized with K2SO4 compared with that fertilized with KCl. This study showed that DCAD of grass can be manipulated by the choice of grass variety, fertilizer formulation, and fertilizer application rate.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Barcel and HiMag tall fescue did not differ in Mg, S and Cl concentrations.
- Taxon
- tall fescue
Lolium arundinaceume0 - Material
- HiMage1
- Outcome
- concentrations of Mg, S, and Cle1
- Direction
- no differencee1
- Comparator
- Barcele1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e1“There was no difference between HiMag and Barcel tall fescue in the concentrations of Mg, S, and Cl”
Claim · model-written summary
K fertilizer decreased Mg concentrations, with the decrease inconsistent across harvests.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- Application of K fertilizere2
- Outcome
- concentrations of Mge2
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- the magnitude of the decrease was not consistent across harvestse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e2“Application of K fertilizer decreased concentrations of Mg, but the magnitude of the decrease was not consistent across harvests”
Claim · model-written summary
Mg fertilizer increased Mg concentrations, with the increase inconsistent across harvests.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- application of Mg fertilizere3
- Outcome
- Mg concentrationse3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- the magnitude of the increase was not consistent across harvestse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e3“Conversely, application of Mg fertilizer increased Mg concentrations, but again, the magnitude of the increase was not consistent across harvests”
Claim · model-written summary
HiMag had higher Ca concentrations than Barcel, with the difference growing across harvests.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Material
- HiMage4
- Outcome
- concentrations of Cae4
- Direction
- highere4
- Qualifier
- the magnitude of the difference increasing from first to last harveste4
- Comparator
- Barcele4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e4“The concentrations of Ca were higher in HiMag than in Barcel tall fescue, with the magnitude of the difference increasing from first to last harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium fertilizer decreased Ca concentrations in the first, fourth and fifth harvests only.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- Potassium fertilizere5
- Outcome
- Ca concentrationse5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Qualifier
- in the first, fourth, and fifth harvests onlye5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e5“Potassium fertilizer decreased Ca concentrations in the first, fourth, and fifth harvests only”
Claim · model-written summary
Mg fertilization decreased Ca concentrations by a greater magnitude in HiMag.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Material
- HiMage6
- Treatment
- Mg fertilizatione6
- Outcome
- Calcium concentratione6
- Direction
- decreasede6
- Qualifier
- by a greater magnitudee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e6“Calcium concentration was decreased by a greater magnitude in HiMag tall fescue as a result of Mg fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
HiMag had lower K concentrations than Barcel in the first three harvests.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Material
- HiMage7
- Outcome
- concentrations of Ke7
- Direction
- lowere7
- Qualifier
- in the first, second, and third harvestse7
- Comparator
- Barcele7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e7“The HiMag tall fescue contained lower concentrations of K than did Barcel tall fescue in the first, second, and third harvests”
Claim · model-written summary
K fertilizer increased K concentration in all five harvests.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- Application of K fertilizere1
- Outcome
- K concentratione1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- in all 5 harvestse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e1“Application of K fertilizer increased the K concentration in all 5 harvests but did not affect Na concentrations except in the last harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
K fertilizer did not affect Na concentrations except in the last harvest.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- Application of K fertilizere1
- Outcome
- Na concentrationse1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
- Qualifier
- except in the last harveste1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e1“Application of K fertilizer increased the K concentration in all 5 harvests but did not affect Na concentrations except in the last harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
HiMag contained less Na than Barcel.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e1“The HiMag tall fescue contained less Na than did Barcel”
Claim · model-written summary
K fertilizer decreased S concentrations in first-harvest grass.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- Application of K fertilizere1
- Outcome
- S concentrationse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- in first-harvest grasse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e1“Application of K fertilizer decreased S concentrations in first-harvest grass, increased concentrations in second-and third-harvest grasses, and had no effect in fourth-or fifth-harvest grasses”
Claim · model-written summary
K fertilizer increased S concentrations in second- and third-harvest grass.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- Application of K fertilizere1
- Outcome
- S concentrationse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- second-and third-harvest grassese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e1“Application of K fertilizer decreased S concentrations in first-harvest grass, increased concentrations in second-and third-harvest grasses, and had no effect in fourth-or fifth-harvest grasses”
Claim · model-written summary
K fertilizer had no effect on S concentrations in fourth- or fifth-harvest grass.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- Application of K fertilizere1
- Outcome
- S concentrationse1
- Direction
- had no effecte1
- Qualifier
- fourth-or fifth-harvest grassese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e1“Application of K fertilizer decreased S concentrations in first-harvest grass, increased concentrations in second-and third-harvest grasses, and had no effect in fourth-or fifth-harvest grasses”
Claim · model-written summary
Mg fertilizer decreased S concentrations of tall fescue.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- Application of Mg fertilizere1
- Outcome
- S concentrationse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e1“Application of Mg fertilizer decreased S concentrations of tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
K fertilizer increased DCAD of grass from the second to fifth harvests.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- Application of K fertilizere1
- Outcome
- DCAD valuese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- from the second through fifth harvestse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e1“Application of K fertilizer increased DCAD values for grass harvested from the second through fifth harvests”
Claim · model-written summary
The DCAD increase from K fertilizer was smaller in HiMag than in Barcel.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Material
- HiMage1
- Outcome
- increase in DCADe1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Comparator
- Barcele1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e1“The increase in DCAD attributable to K fertilizer was less in HiMag than in Barcel tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
K2SO4 increased dry matter yield and S concentrations of HiMag tall fescue.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Material
- HiMage1
- Treatment
- Application of K fertilizer as K2SO4e1
- Outcome
- dry matter yield and S concentrationse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e1“Application of K fertilizer as K2SO4 increased dry matter yield and S concentrations of HiMag tall fescue”
Claim · model-written summary
K applied as KCl increased K and Cl concentrations.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- K applied as KCle1
- Outcome
- concentrations of K and Cle1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e1“whereas K applied as KCl increased concentrations of K and Cl”
Claim · model-written summary
HiMag fertilized with K2SO4 had lower DCAD than with KCl.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Material
- HiMage1
- Treatment
- K2SO4e1
- Outcome
- DCADe1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- KCle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e1“The DCAD was lower in HiMag tall fescue fertilized with K2SO4 compared with that fertilized with KCl”
Claim · model-written summary
Fertilizer formulation had no effect on Na concentrations.
- Taxon
- tall fescueLolium arundinaceume0
- Treatment
- fertilizer formulatione1
- Outcome
- Na concentrationse1
- Direction
- no effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb)”
e1“There was no effect of fertilizer formulation on Na concentrations”
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