Abstract
BACKGROUND: High temperature during grain filling affects yield, starch amylose content and activity of starch biosynthesis enzymes in basmati rice. To investigate the physiological mechanisms underpinning the effects of high temperature on rice grain, basmati rice was grown under two temperature conditions - 32 and 22 °C - during grain filling. RESULTS: High temperature decreased the grain filling period from 32 to 26 days, reducing yield by 6%, and caused a reduction in total starch (3.1%) and amylose content (22%). Measurable activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose to starch conversion, sucrose synthase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch phosphorylase and soluble starch synthase in endosperms developed at 32 °C were lower than those at 22 °C compared with similar ripening stage on an endosperm basis. In particular, granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) activity was significantly lower than corresponding activity in endosperms developing at 22 °C during all developmental stages analyzed. CONCLUSION: Results suggest changes in amylose/amylopectin ratio observed in plants grown at 32 °C was attributable to a reduction in activity of GBSS, the sole enzyme responsible for amylose biosynthesis.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature (32 °C) decreased the grain filling period of basmati rice from 32 to 26 days compared with 22 °C.
Verbatim
e0“basmati rice was grown under two temperature conditions - 32 and 22 °C - during grain filling”
e1“High temperature decreased the grain filling period from 32 to 26 days, reducing yield by 6%, and caused a reduction in total starch (3.1%) and amylose content (22%)”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature reduced basmati rice yield by 6% compared with 22 °C.
Verbatim
e0“basmati rice was grown under two temperature conditions - 32 and 22 °C - during grain filling”
e1“High temperature decreased the grain filling period from 32 to 26 days, reducing yield by 6%, and caused a reduction in total starch (3.1%) and amylose content (22%)”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature reduced total starch in basmati rice grain by 3.1%.
Verbatim
e0“basmati rice was grown under two temperature conditions - 32 and 22 °C - during grain filling”
e1“High temperature decreased the grain filling period from 32 to 26 days, reducing yield by 6%, and caused a reduction in total starch (3.1%) and amylose content (22%)”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature reduced amylose content in basmati rice grain by 22%.
Verbatim
e0“basmati rice was grown under two temperature conditions - 32 and 22 °C - during grain filling”
e1“High temperature decreased the grain filling period from 32 to 26 days, reducing yield by 6%, and caused a reduction in total starch (3.1%) and amylose content (22%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Activities of sucrose synthase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch phosphorylase and soluble starch synthase were lower in endosperms developed at 32 °C than at 22 °C.
Verbatim
e0“basmati rice was grown under two temperature conditions - 32 and 22 °C - during grain filling”
e2“Measurable activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose to starch conversion, sucrose synthase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch phosphorylase and soluble starch synthase in endosperms developed at 32 °C were lower than those at 22 °C compared with similar ripening stage on an endosperm basis”
Claim · model-written summary
Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) activity was significantly lower in endosperms developing at 32 °C than at 22 °C during all developmental stages analyzed.
Verbatim
e0“basmati rice was grown under two temperature conditions - 32 and 22 °C - during grain filling”
e2“Measurable activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose to starch conversion, sucrose synthase, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch phosphorylase and soluble starch synthase in endosperms developed at 32 °C were lower than those at 22 °C compared with similar ripening stage on an endosperm basis”
e3“In particular, granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) activity was significantly lower than corresponding activity in endosperms developing at 22 °C during all developmental stages analyzed”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in the amylose/amylopectin ratio at 32 °C are suggested to be attributable to reduced GBSS activity, the sole enzyme for amylose biosynthesis.
Verbatim
e0“basmati rice was grown under two temperature conditions - 32 and 22 °C - during grain filling”
e4“Results suggest changes in amylose/amylopectin ratio observed in plants grown at 32 °C was attributable to a reduction in activity of GBSS, the sole enzyme responsible for amylose biosynthesis”
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