Abstract
Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai) seedlings transplanted before the last frost date may be exposed to temperatures alternating between freezing and optimal until field temperatures finally stabilize. Cold stress may ultimately reduce growth and yield. To simulate such temperature alternations that occur naturally after field transplanting, diploid `Carnival' watermelon seedlings were exposed immediately before field planting to cyclic cold temperature stress at 2 ± 1 °C then transferred to a greenhouse at 29 ± 5 °C. In 1997, transplants were exposed to 2 °C from 3 to 81 hours and in 1998, exposure ranged from 9 to 81 hours. Cold-stressed seedlings were field planted after all potential risk of cold stress in the field had passed. In 1997, cold stress decreased seedling shoot and root fresh and dry weights, leaf area, chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents but not seedling height. In 1998, all seedling growth variables decreased in response to longer durations of cold stress. Plants cold stressed for up to 81 hours transpired more for 1 week after transplanting than those exposed to shorter periods of cold stress. In both years, vining (date first runner touched the ground), flowering, and fruit set were delayed significantly as cold stress hours increased. Although early yields were unaffected, total yields decreased linearly in both years with increasing hours of cold, with 38 to 40 hours of cold stress reducing yield 10% in both years. Data indicate that `Carnival' watermelon transplants exposed to cold stress soon after transplanting may suffer yield reductions.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress reduced seedling shoot and root weights, leaf area, chlorophyll and carbohydrate in 1997.
- Taxon
- Watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Material
- Carnivale1
- Treatment
- cold stresse0
- Outcome
- seedling shoot and root fresh and dry weights, leaf area, chlorophyll and carbohydrate contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1997, cold stress decreased seedling shoot and root fresh and dry weights, leaf area, chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents but not seedling height.”
t0“Developmental Consequences of Cold Temperature Stress at Transplanting on Seedling and Field Growth and Yield. I. Watermelon”
t1“Developmental Consequences of Cold Temperature Stress at Transplanting on Seedling and Field Growth and Yield. I. Watermelon”
e1“diploid `Carnival' watermelon seedlings were exposed immediately before field planting to cyclic cold temperature stress at 2 ± 1 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
Cold stress did not alter seedling height in 1997.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- cold stresse1
- Outcome
- seedling heighte0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but not seedling height.”
t0“Developmental Consequences of Cold Temperature Stress at Transplanting on Seedling and Field Growth and Yield. I. Watermelon”
t1“Developmental Consequences of Cold Temperature Stress at Transplanting on Seedling and Field Growth and Yield. I. Watermelon”
e1“In 1997, cold stress decreased seedling shoot and root fresh and dry weights, leaf area, chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents but not seedling height.”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer cold stress reduced all seedling growth variables in 1998.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- longer durations of cold stresse0
- Outcome
- all seedling growth variablese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1998, all seedling growth variables decreased in response to longer durations of cold stress.”
t0“Developmental Consequences of Cold Temperature Stress at Transplanting on Seedling and Field Growth and Yield. I. Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants exposed up to 81 hours transpired more during the week after transplanting.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- up to 81 hourse0
- Outcome
- transpirede0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- shorter periods of cold stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants cold stressed for up to 81 hours transpired more for 1 week after transplanting than those exposed to shorter periods of cold stress.”
t0“Developmental Consequences of Cold Temperature Stress at Transplanting on Seedling and Field Growth and Yield. I. Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing cold exposure significantly delayed vining, flowering and fruit set.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- cold stress hourse0
- Outcome
- vining (date first runner touched the ground), flowering, and fruit sete0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“vining (date first runner touched the ground), flowering, and fruit set were delayed significantly as cold stress hours increased.”
t0“Developmental Consequences of Cold Temperature Stress at Transplanting on Seedling and Field Growth and Yield. I. Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Early yield was unaffected by cold exposure.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- cold stresse1
- Outcome
- early yieldse0
- Direction
- unaffectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“early yields were unaffected”
t0“Developmental Consequences of Cold Temperature Stress at Transplanting on Seedling and Field Growth and Yield. I. Watermelon”
t1“Developmental Consequences of Cold Temperature Stress at Transplanting on Seedling and Field Growth and Yield. I. Watermelon”
e1“In 1997, cold stress decreased seedling shoot and root fresh and dry weights, leaf area, chlorophyll and carbohydrate contents but not seedling height.”
Claim · model-written summary
Total yield declined linearly with cold hours; 38 to 40 hours reduced yield 10%.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- 38 to 40 hours of cold stresse0
- Outcome
- total yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total yields decreased linearly in both years with increasing hours of cold, with 38 to 40 hours of cold stress reducing yield 10% in both years.”
t0“Developmental Consequences of Cold Temperature Stress at Transplanting on Seedling and Field Growth and Yield. I. Watermelon”
The same questions in other papers
cold · physiology: pigments · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
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- positive
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See all 6 papers →cold · growth · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
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See all 6 papers →cold · yield · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.