Abstract
Watermelon grafting is practiced in order to improve tolerance to poor environments such as low temperature. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of low-temperature tolerant bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) rootstocks on the growth and fruit quality of watermelon in semi-forcing and retarding culture where plants were exposed to low or high temperature. Five bottle gourd accessions (FR79, IT207112, BG702, BG703, and FRD22) with low temperature tolerance were evaluated as rootstock for the watermelon scion ‘Sambokkul’. Non-grafted watermelon and watermelon grafted onto commercial rootstock ‘Shintozwa’ (Cucurbita maxima D. × C. moschata D.) or ‘Bullojangsaeng’ (L. siceraria) were used as controls. Watermelons were cultivated in spring (April to June, semi-forcing culture) and autumn (August to October, retarding culture). The responses to low-temperature, growth, yield, and fruit quality differed depending on the rootstocks and growing season. In semi-forcing culture, the monthly averages of daily and minimum temperature in April were, respectively, 13.4 and 1.5 °C. Although the low temperature of the early growth stage suppressed the initial growth of watermelons, grafting mitigated the low-temperature stress. The fruit quality of non-grafted watermelons was greater, but the fruit mass was the lowest (4.8 kg). Grafting onto ‘Shintozwa’ increased the fruit weight (7.0 kg) but reduced the fruit quality. Grafting onto bottle gourd rootstocks had high affinity, good root growth, tolerance to low temperature, and little effect on fruit quality. In retarding culture, the temperature conditions in early and late growth were very high and low, respectively. The growth and fruit quality of grafted watermelons were not superior to those of non-grafted watermelons. Accordingly, these results suggest that watermelon grafting onto the bottle gourd rootstocks may increase the low-temperature tolerance, especially in the early growth stage, and the marketable yield without a reduction in fruit quality. The most promising accession for this purpose was found to be ‘FR79’.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Early low temperature suppressed initial watermelon growth.
- Taxon
- watermelons
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Organ / stage
- early growth stagee0
- Treatment
- low temperaturee0
- Outcome
- initial growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although the low temperature of the early growth stage suppressed the initial growth of watermelons”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting mitigated early low-temperature stress in watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- graftinge0
- Outcome
- low-temperature stresse0
- Direction
- mitigatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grafting mitigated the low-temperature stress”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-grafted watermelon had greater fruit quality than grafted plants.
- Taxon
- watermelonsCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- non-graftede0
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fruit quality of non-grafted watermelons was greater”
Claim · model-written summary
Non-grafted watermelon had the lowest fruit mass, 4.8 kg.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Outcome
- fruit masse0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 4.8 kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but the fruit mass was the lowest (4.8 kg)”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Grafting onto Shintozwa increased watermelon fruit weight to 7.0 kg.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- ‘Shintozwa’e0
- Treatment
- Grafting onto ‘Shintozwa’e0
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 7.0 kge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grafting onto ‘Shintozwa’ increased the fruit weight (7.0 kg)”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Shintozwa grafting reduced watermelon fruit quality.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Grafting onto ‘Shintozwa’e1
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but reduced the fruit quality”
t0“Watermelon”
e1“Grafting onto ‘Shintozwa’ increased the fruit weight (7.0 kg)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bottle gourd rootstocks showed high graft affinity and good root growth in watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Grafting onto bottle gourd rootstockse0
- Outcome
- high affinity, good root growthe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grafting onto bottle gourd rootstocks had high affinity, good root growth”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Bottle gourd rootstocks conferred low-temperature tolerance to watermelon.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Grafting onto bottle gourd rootstockse0
- Outcome
- tolerance to low temperaturee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grafting onto bottle gourd rootstocks had high affinity, good root growth, tolerance to low temperature”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Bottle gourd rootstocks had little effect on watermelon fruit quality.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Grafting onto bottle gourd rootstockse0
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- little effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grafting onto bottle gourd rootstocks had high affinity, good root growth, tolerance to low temperature, and little effect on fruit quality”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
In retarding culture, grafted watermelon growth was not superior to non-grafted growth.
- Taxon
- watermelonsCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- graftede0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- not superiore0
- Comparator
- non-grafted watermelonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth and fruit quality of grafted watermelons were not superior to those of non-grafted watermelons.”
Claim · model-written summary
In retarding culture, grafted watermelon fruit quality was not superior to non-grafted quality.
- Taxon
- watermelonsCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- graftede0
- Outcome
- fruit qualitye0
- Direction
- not superiore0
- Comparator
- non-grafted watermelonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth and fruit quality of grafted watermelons were not superior to those of non-grafted watermelons.”
Claim · model-written summary
FR79 was the most promising accession for watermelon grafting.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- ‘FR79’e0
- Outcome
- most promising accessione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most promising accession for this purpose was found to be ‘FR79’.”
t0“Watermelon”
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