Abstract
Field experiments were conducted in Punjab, India, in 2011 and 2012 to study the integrated effect of planting pattern [uniform rows (20-cm spacing) and paired rows (15-, 25-, and 15-cm spacing)], cultivars (PR-115 and IET-21214), and weed control treatments (nontreated control, pendimethalin 750 g ai ha −1 , bispyribac-sodium 25 g ai ha −1 , and pendimethalin 750 g ha −1 followed by bispyribac-sodium 25 g ha −1 ) on weed suppression and rice grain yield in dry-seeded rice. In the nontreated control, IET-21214 had higher grain yield than PR-115 in both planting patterns. However, such differences were not observed within the herbicide treatment. IET-21214 in paired rows, even in nontreated control, provided grain yield (4.7 t ha −1 ) similar to that in uniform rows coupled with the sole application of pendimethalin (4.3 t ha −1 ) and bispyribac-sodium (5.0 t ha −1 ). In uniform rows, sequential application of pendimethalin (PRE) and bispyribac-sodium (POST) provided the highest grain yield among all the weed control treatments and this treatment produced grain yield of 5.9 and 6.1 t ha −1 for PR-115 and IET-21214, respectively. Similarly, in paired rows, PR-115 in paired rows treated with sequential application of pendimethalin and bispyribac-sodium had highest grain yield (6.1 t ha −1 ) among all the weed control treatments. However, IET-21214 with the sole application of bispyribac-sodium produced grain yield similar to the sequential application of pendimethalin and bispyribac-sodium. At 30 days after sowing, PR-115 in paired rows coupled with pendimethalin application accrued weed biomass (10.7 g m −2 ) similar to the sequential application of pendimethalin and bispyribac-sodium coupled with uniform rows (8.1 g m −2 ). Similarly, IET-21214 with bispyribac-sodium application provided weed control similar to the sequential application of pendimethalin and bispyribac-sodium. Our study implied that grain yield of some cultivars could be improved by exploring their competitiveness through paired-row planting patterns with less use of herbicides.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated IET-21214 yielded more grain than PR-115 in both row patterns.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- IET-21214e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- both planting patternse0
- Comparator
- PR-115e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the nontreated control, IET-21214 had higher grain yield than PR-115 in both planting patterns”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The cultivar yield difference was absent under herbicide treatment.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- herbicide treatmente0
- Outcome
- differencese0
- Direction
- not observede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“such differences were not observed within the herbicide treatment”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated IET-21214 in paired rows yielded 4.7 t ha −1, similar to herbicide treatments in uniform rows.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IET-21214e0
- Treatment
- paired rowse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 4.7 t ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- nontreated controle0
- Comparator
- uniform rowse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IET-21214 in paired rows, even in nontreated control, provided grain yield (4.7 t ha −1 ) similar to that in uniform rows coupled with the sole application of pendimethalin (4.3 t ha −1 ) and bispyribac-sodium (5.0 t ha −1 )”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
PR-115 in uniform rows yielded 5.9 under sequential herbicides, the highest treatment.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- PR-115e0
- Treatment
- sequential application of pendimethalin (PRE) and bispyribac-sodium (POST)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 5.9e0
- Qualifier
- uniform rowse0
- Comparator
- all the weed control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In uniform rows, sequential application of pendimethalin (PRE) and bispyribac-sodium (POST) provided the highest grain yield among all the weed control treatments and this treatment produced grain yield of 5.9 and 6.1 t ha −1 for PR-115 and IET-21214, respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
IET-21214 in uniform rows yielded 6.1 t ha −1 under sequential herbicides, the highest treatment.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IET-21214e0
- Treatment
- sequential application of pendimethalin (PRE) and bispyribac-sodium (POST)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 6.1 t ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- uniform rowse0
- Comparator
- all the weed control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In uniform rows, sequential application of pendimethalin (PRE) and bispyribac-sodium (POST) provided the highest grain yield among all the weed control treatments and this treatment produced grain yield of 5.9 and 6.1 t ha −1 for PR-115 and IET-21214, respectively”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
PR-115 in paired rows had the highest grain yield, 6.1 t ha −1, with sequential herbicides.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- PR-115e0
- Treatment
- sequential application of pendimethalin and bispyribac-sodiume0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 6.1 t ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- paired rowse0
- Comparator
- all the weed control treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PR-115 in paired rows treated with sequential application of pendimethalin and bispyribac-sodium had highest grain yield (6.1 t ha −1 ) among all the weed control treatments”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
IET-21214 grain yield with bispyribac-sodium alone was similar to sequential herbicides.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IET-21214e0
- Treatment
- sole application of bispyribac-sodiume0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- sequential application of pendimethalin and bispyribac-sodiume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IET-21214 with the sole application of bispyribac-sodium produced grain yield similar to the sequential application of pendimethalin and bispyribac-sodium”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
PR-115 in paired rows with pendimethalin had weed biomass of 10.7 g m −2, similar to sequential herbicides in uniform rows.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- PR-115e0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin applicatione0
- Outcome
- weed biomasse0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 10.7 g m −2e0
- Qualifier
- 8.1 g m −2e0
- Comparator
- sequential application of pendimethalin and bispyribac-sodium coupled with uniform rowse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PR-115 in paired rows coupled with pendimethalin application accrued weed biomass (10.7 g m −2 ) similar to the sequential application of pendimethalin and bispyribac-sodium coupled with uniform rows (8.1 g m −2 )”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
IET-21214 with bispyribac-sodium had weed control similar to sequential herbicides.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Material
- IET-21214e0
- Treatment
- bispyribac-sodium applicatione0
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- sequential application of pendimethalin and bispyribac-sodiume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“IET-21214 with bispyribac-sodium application provided weed control similar to the sequential application of pendimethalin and bispyribac-sodium”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest paired rows can improve some cultivar yields while reducing herbicide use.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- grain yield of some cultivars could be improved by exploring their competitiveness through paired-row planting patterns with less use of herbicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grain yield of some cultivars could be improved by exploring their competitiveness through paired-row planting patterns with less use of herbicides”
t0“Rice”
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