Abstract
Induction of adventitious roots (ARs) in recalcitrant plants often culminates in cell division and callus formation rather than root differentiation. Evidence is provided here to suggest that microtubules (MTs) play a role in the shift from cell division to cell differentiation during AR induction. First, it was found that fewer ARs form in the temperature-sensitive mutant mor1-1, in which the MT-associated protein MOR1 is mutated, and in bot1-1, in which the MT-severing protein katanin is mutated. In the two latter mutants, MT dynamics and form are perturbed. By contrast, the number of ARs increased in RIC1-OX3 plants, in which MT bundling is enhanced and katanin is activated. In addition, any1 plants in which cell walls are perturbed made more ARs than wild-type plants. MT perturbations during AR induction in mor1-1 or in wild-type hypocotyls treated with oryzalin led to the formation of amorphous clusters of cells reminiscent of callus. In these cells a specific pattern of polarized light retardation by the cell walls was lost. PIN1 polarization and auxin maxima were hampered and differentiation of the epidermis was inhibited. It is concluded that a fine-tuned crosstalk between MTs, cell walls, and auxin transport is required for proper AR induction.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The mor1-1 mutant formed fewer adventitious roots.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Material
- mor1-1e0
- Outcome
- ARse0
- Direction
- fewere0
Verbatim
e0“fewer ARs form in the temperature-sensitive mutant mor1-1”
e1“recalcitrant plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The bot1-1 mutant formed fewer adventitious roots.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Material
- bot1-1e0
- Outcome
- ARse2
- Direction
- fewere2
Verbatim
e0“and in bot1-1, in which the MT-severing protein katanin is mutated”
e1“recalcitrant plants”
e2“fewer ARs form in the temperature-sensitive mutant mor1-1, in which the MT-associated protein MOR1 is mutated, and in bot1-1”
Claim · model-written summary
Microtubule dynamics and form were perturbed in the two mutants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Material
- mutantse0
- Outcome
- MT dynamics and forme0
- Direction
- perturbede0
Verbatim
e0“In the two latter mutants, MT dynamics and form are perturbed”
e1“recalcitrant plants”
Claim · model-written summary
RIC1-OX3 plants formed more adventitious roots.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Material
- RIC1-OX3e0
- Outcome
- number of ARse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Verbatim
e0“the number of ARs increased in RIC1-OX3 plants”
e1“recalcitrant plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The any1 mutant formed more adventitious roots than wild type.
Verbatim
e0“any1 plants in which cell walls are perturbed made more ARs than wild-type plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The mor1-1 mutation caused callus-like cell clusters during root induction.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Material
- mor1-1e0
- Treatment
- MT perturbationse0
- Outcome
- formation of amorphous clusters of cells reminiscent of calluse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“MT perturbations during AR induction in mor1-1 or in wild-type hypocotyls treated with oryzalin led to the formation of amorphous clusters of cells reminiscent of callus”
e1“recalcitrant plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Oryzalin treatment produced callus-like cell clusters in wild-type hypocotyls.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Organ / stage
- hypocotylse0
- Treatment
- treated with oryzaline0
- Outcome
- formation of amorphous clusters of cells reminiscent of calluse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“wild-type hypocotyls treated with oryzalin led to the formation of amorphous clusters of cells reminiscent of callus”
e1“recalcitrant plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell-wall polarized-light retardation pattern was lost in those cells.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Outcome
- pattern of polarized light retardation by the cell wallse0
- Direction
- loste0
Verbatim
e0“a specific pattern of polarized light retardation by the cell walls was lost”
e1“recalcitrant plants”
Claim · model-written summary
PIN1 polarization and auxin maxima were hampered.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Outcome
- PIN1 polarization and auxin maximae0
- Direction
- hamperede0
Verbatim
e0“PIN1 polarization and auxin maxima were hampered”
e1“recalcitrant plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Epidermal differentiation was inhibited.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Organ / stage
- epidermise0
- Outcome
- differentiation of the epidermise0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Verbatim
e0“differentiation of the epidermis was inhibited”
e1“recalcitrant plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that microtubule, wall and auxin-transport crosstalk is required for root induction.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Outcome
- proper AR inductione0
- Qualifier
- crosstalk between MTs, cell walls, and auxin transporte0
Verbatim
e0“a fine-tuned crosstalk between MTs, cell walls, and auxin transport is required for proper AR induction”
e1“recalcitrant plants”