Abstract
Four herbicides (oxyflurofen 0.25 kg/ha, pendimethalin 1.50 kg/ha, trifluralin 1.50 kg/ha and metachlor 1.50 kg/ha) at recommended rates alone and at half of the recommended rates integrated with one hand weeding were compared with hand weeding 30, 60, 90 days after planting (DAP) and untreated check in silty clay loam soil during Rabi 2008–09 and 2009–10 at Palampur. Phalaris minor followed by Avena ludoviciana were the predominant associated weeds. All treatments resulted in significantly lower density of Phalais minor, Alopecurous myosuroides and Coronopus didymus. Metolachlor 1.50 kg/ha effectively reduced the density of Poa annua. Metolachlor + hand weeding, pendimethalin and pendimethalin + hand weeding effectively reduced the density of Stellaria media. Integration of hand weeding with half dose of oxyflourfen, pendimethalin and metolachlor resulted in significantly higher yield of garlic than their respective higher dose alone. Weed index was lowest and weed management index (WMI), agronomic management index (AMI) and integrated weed management index (IWMI) were highest under pendimethalin + hand weeding. Herbicide efficiency index (HEI) was highest with oxyflourfen + hand weeding. Pendimethalin + hand weeding gave highest net return due to weed control (NRwc) and was followed by pendimethalin and metolachlor + hand weeding. Pendimethalin gave highest marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) of 40.7 followed by pendimethalin + hand weeding and metolachlor + hand weeding. Weeds reduced the garlic bulb yield by 72.5% over the best treatment pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha + HW.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Phalaris minor followed by Avena ludoviciana were predominant associated weeds.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativumt0 - Interactor
- Phalaris minor
.jpg?width=60)
Phalaris minore0weed - Second interactor
- Avena ludoviciana
.jpg?width=60)
Avena sterilis subsp. ludovicianae0weed - Outcome
- predominant associated weedse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Phalaris minor followed by Avena ludoviciana were the predominant associated weeds.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments significantly lowered Phalais minor density.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- All treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Phalais minore0weed
- Outcome
- density of Phalais minore0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments resulted in significantly lower density of Phalais minor, Alopecurous myosuroides and Coronopus didymus.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments significantly lowered Alopecurous myosuroides density.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- All treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Alopecurous myosuroidese0weed
- Outcome
- density of Phalais minor, Alopecurous myosuroidese0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments resulted in significantly lower density of Phalais minor, Alopecurous myosuroides and Coronopus didymus.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
All treatments significantly lowered Coronopus didymus density.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- All treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Coronopus didymus
Lepidium didymume0weed - Outcome
- density of Phalais minor, Alopecurous myosuroides and Coronopus didymuse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All treatments resulted in significantly lower density of Phalais minor, Alopecurous myosuroides and Coronopus didymus.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor reduced Poa annua density.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Metolachlor 1.50 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- density of Poa annuae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Poa annuaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metolachlor 1.50 kg/ha effectively reduced the density of Poa annua.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor with hand weeding reduced Stellaria media density.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Metolachlor + hand weedinge0
- Interactor
- Stellaria media
Stellaria mediae0weed - Outcome
- density of Stellaria mediae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metolachlor + hand weeding, pendimethalin and pendimethalin + hand weeding effectively reduced the density of Stellaria media.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin reduced Stellaria media density.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- pendimethaline0
- Interactor
- Stellaria mediaStellaria mediae0weed
- Outcome
- density of Stellaria mediae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metolachlor + hand weeding, pendimethalin and pendimethalin + hand weeding effectively reduced the density of Stellaria media.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin with hand weeding reduced Stellaria media density.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin + hand weedinge0
- Interactor
- Stellaria mediaStellaria mediae0weed
- Outcome
- density of Stellaria mediae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Metolachlor + hand weeding, pendimethalin and pendimethalin + hand weeding effectively reduced the density of Stellaria media.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Half dose oxyflourfen with hand weeding gave significantly higher garlic yield than its full dose.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- hand weeding with half dose of oxyflourfene0
- Outcome
- yield of garlice0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- their respective higher dose alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integration of hand weeding with half dose of oxyflourfen, pendimethalin and metolachlor resulted in significantly higher yield of garlic than their respective higher dose alone.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Half dose pendimethalin with hand weeding gave significantly higher garlic yield than its full dose.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- hand weeding with half dose of oxyflourfen, pendimethaline0
- Outcome
- yield of garlice0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- their respective higher dose alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integration of hand weeding with half dose of oxyflourfen, pendimethalin and metolachlor resulted in significantly higher yield of garlic than their respective higher dose alone.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Half dose metolachlor with hand weeding gave significantly higher garlic yield than its full dose.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- hand weeding with half dose of oxyflourfen, pendimethalin and metolachlore0
- Outcome
- yield of garlice0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- their respective higher dose alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Integration of hand weeding with half dose of oxyflourfen, pendimethalin and metolachlor resulted in significantly higher yield of garlic than their respective higher dose alone.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin with hand weeding had the lowest weed index and highest WMI, AMI and IWMI.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin + hand weedinge0
- Outcome
- Weed indexe0
- Direction
- loweste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weed index was lowest and weed management index (WMI), agronomic management index (AMI) and integrated weed management index (IWMI) were highest under pendimethalin + hand weeding.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin with hand weeding had the highest weed, agronomic and integrated management indices.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- pendimethalin + hand weedinge0
- Outcome
- weed management index (WMI), agronomic management index (AMI) and integrated weed management index (IWMI)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“weed management index (WMI), agronomic management index (AMI) and integrated weed management index (IWMI) were highest under pendimethalin + hand weeding.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxyflourfen with hand weeding had the highest herbicide efficiency index.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- oxyflourfen + hand weedinge0
- Outcome
- Herbicide efficiency index (HEI)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Herbicide efficiency index (HEI) was highest with oxyflourfen + hand weeding.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin with hand weeding gave the highest net return due to weed control.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Pendimethalin + hand weedinge0
- Outcome
- net return due to weed control (NRwc)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin + hand weeding gave highest net return due to weed control (NRwc) and was followed by pendimethalin and metolachlor + hand weeding.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Pendimethalin gave the highest marginal benefit cost ratio, 40.7.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Pendimethaline0
- Outcome
- marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 40.7e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pendimethalin gave highest marginal benefit cost ratio (MBCR) of 40.7 followed by pendimethalin + hand weeding and metolachlor + hand weeding.”
t0“garlic”
Claim · model-written summary
Weeds reduced garlic bulb yield by 72.5% relative to pendimethalin plus hand weeding.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativumt0
- Treatment
- Weedse0
- Interactor
- Weedse0weed
- Outcome
- garlic bulb yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 72.5%e0
- Comparator
- pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha + HWe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Weeds reduced the garlic bulb yield by 72.5% over the best treatment pendimethalin 0.75 kg/ha + HW.”
t0“garlic”
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