Abstract
Abstract There is considerable potential for the improvement of the slow and irregular germination of celery seeds ( Apiurn graveolens L.) by pre‐sowing hydration treatments, but poor germination performance as a result of drying seeds after treatment is a recurrent problem. Over the temperature range 5–20°C the onset of seed germination is determined by a thermal time relationship, but a pre‐sowing treatment temperature of 15°C was identified as the most effective for the two celery cultivars—‘Tall Utah 52–70’ and ‘Green Giant Hybrid’—when the seeds were only surface‐dried before sowing. However, conventional air‐drying of treated seeds at 20°C caused severe delays in germination and decreased uniformity. Higher treatment temperatures reduced the adverse effect of drying on the seeds but resulted in little or no germination advantage because of thermodormancy, which was particularly evident at 25°C. Deleterious effects of drying‐back were avoided, and in some instances further germination enhancement gained, by slowing the rate of drying which was achieved by exposing the treated seed to a series of controlled humidity atmospheres at 80, 68, and 48% RH for various times.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Germination onset follows a thermal-time relationship at 5–20°C.
- Taxon
- celery
%2C_Elswick%2C_Northumberland_4.jpg?width=60)
Apium graveolens Dulce Groupt0 - Treatment
- temperature range 5–20°Ce0
- Outcome
- onset of seed germinatione0
- Qualifier
- thermal time relationshipe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
%2C_Elswick%2C_Northumberland_4.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Over the temperature range 5–20°C the onset of seed germination is determined by a thermal time relationship”
t0“celery”
Claim · model-written summary
15°C hydration was most effective for Tall Utah 52–70 when seeds were surface-dried.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Material
- Tall Utah 52–70e0
- Treatment
- pre‐sowing treatment temperature of 15°Ce0
- Outcome
- most effectivee0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Qualifier
- when the seeds were only surface‐dried before sowinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a pre‐sowing treatment temperature of 15°C was identified as the most effective for the two celery cultivars—‘Tall Utah 52–70’ and ‘Green Giant Hybrid’—when the seeds were only surface‐dried before sowing.”
Claim · model-written summary
15°C hydration was most effective for Green Giant Hybrid when seeds were surface-dried.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupe0
- Material
- Green Giant Hybride0
- Treatment
- pre‐sowing treatment temperature of 15°Ce0
- Outcome
- most effectivee0
- Direction
- most effectivee0
- Qualifier
- when the seeds were only surface‐dried before sowinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a pre‐sowing treatment temperature of 15°C was identified as the most effective for the two celery cultivars—‘Tall Utah 52–70’ and ‘Green Giant Hybrid’—when the seeds were only surface‐dried before sowing.”
Claim · model-written summary
Air-drying treated seeds at 20°C severely delayed germination.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupt0
- Treatment
- conventional air‐drying of treated seeds at 20°Ce0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- severe delayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conventional air‐drying of treated seeds at 20°C caused severe delays in germination and decreased uniformity.”
t0“celery”
Claim · model-written summary
Air-drying treated seeds at 20°C decreased germination uniformity.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupt0
- Treatment
- conventional air‐drying of treated seeds at 20°Ce0
- Outcome
- uniformitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“conventional air‐drying of treated seeds at 20°C caused severe delays in germination and decreased uniformity.”
t0“celery”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher hydration temperatures reduced drying damage but gave little or no germination advantage.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupt0
- Treatment
- Higher treatment temperaturese0
- Outcome
- adverse effect of dryinge0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher treatment temperatures reduced the adverse effect of drying on the seeds but resulted in little or no germination advantage because of thermodormancy, which was particularly evident at 25°C.”
t0“celery”
Claim · model-written summary
Thermodormancy limited germination benefit at higher temperatures, especially 25°C.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupt0
- Outcome
- little or no germination advantagee0
- Qualifier
- because of thermodormancy, which was particularly evident at 25°Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher treatment temperatures reduced the adverse effect of drying on the seeds but resulted in little or no germination advantage because of thermodormancy, which was particularly evident at 25°C.”
t0“celery”
Claim · model-written summary
Slowing drying through controlled humidity avoided drying-back damage.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupt0
- Treatment
- slowing the rate of dryinge0
- Outcome
- Deleterious effects of drying‐backe0
- Direction
- avoidede0
- Qualifier
- controlled humidity atmospheres at 80, 68, and 48% RH for various timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deleterious effects of drying‐back were avoided, and in some instances further germination enhancement gained, by slowing the rate of drying which was achieved by exposing the treated seed to a series of controlled humidity atmospheres at 80, 68, and 48% RH for various times.”
t0“celery”
Claim · model-written summary
Slower drying sometimes enhanced germination further.
- Taxon
- celeryApium graveolens Dulce Groupt0
- Treatment
- slowing the rate of dryinge0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Qualifier
- in some instancese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deleterious effects of drying‐back were avoided, and in some instances further germination enhancement gained, by slowing the rate of drying”
t0“celery”
The same questions in other papers
processing · growth · Apium graveolensPositive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.