Abstract
During the summer fallow period of the sugarcane production cycle, glyphosate in conjunction with frequent tillage is used to destroy sugarcane regrowth and reduce perennial weed infestations. For tillage to be reduced or eliminated in fallowed fields, weed control must be maintained and sugarcane must be completely destroyed so as not to interfere with the subsequent planting operation. Field studies were conducted to evaluate glyphosate rates and formulations for control of sugarcane, bermudagrass, and johnsongrass. Glyphosate (isopropylamine salt) applied in April at 1.68, 2.24, and 2.80 kg ai/ha controlled 15-cm sugarcane at least 95% 42 d after treatment (DAT). Control of 25- and 40-cm sugarcane was maximized at 1.68 kg/ha (91 and 86% control, respectively). In another study, 25-cm sugarcane was controlled equally with isopropyl amine and potassium salt glyphosate formulations. Bermudagrass control 40 d after glyphosate was applied at 1.12 kg/ha was 86% and increased to 98% when the same rate was applied sequentially. In fallowed sugarcane fields, conventional-tillage, reduced-tillage, and no-tillage programs were implemented from mid-April through mid-August to evaluate weed control and economics. When a glyphosate application was substituted for a tillage operation, bermudagrass and johnsongrass control was increased compared with the conventional tillage alone program, but differences in sugarcane and sugar yield among the various programs the following year were not observed. Based on 2006 costs, elimination of a single tillage operation reduced cost $18.49/ha and addition of glyphosate (2.8 kg/ha plus application cost) increased cost $43.47/ha. Total cost for the conventional tillage–alone fallow program was $110.94/ha; where herbicide was used in the reduced-tillage and no-tillage programs, total cost was $19.47 to $77.38/ha more.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
April glyphosate at three stated rates controlled 15 cm sugarcane at least 95% after 42 days.
- Taxon
- sugarcanee0
- Treatment
- Glyphosate (isopropylamine salt) applied in April at 1.68, 2.24, and 2.80 kg ai/hae0
- Outcome
- 15-cm sugarcanee0
- Direction
- controllede0
- Value
- at least 95%e0
- Qualifier
- 42 d after treatment (DAT)e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Glyphosate (isopropylamine salt) applied in April at 1.68, 2.24, and 2.80 kg ai/ha controlled 15-cm sugarcane at least 95% 42 d after treatment (DAT).”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 1.68 kg/ha maximized control of 25 cm sugarcane at 91%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Control of 25- and 40-cm sugarcane was maximized at 1.68 kg/ha (91 and 86% control, respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
Glyphosate at 1.68 kg/ha maximized control of 40 cm sugarcane at 86%.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Control of 25- and 40-cm sugarcane was maximized at 1.68 kg/ha (91 and 86% control, respectively).”
Claim · model-written summary
Two glyphosate salt formulations controlled 25 cm sugarcane equally.
Verbatim
e0“25-cm sugarcane was controlled equally with isopropyl amine and potassium salt glyphosate formulations.”
Claim · model-written summary
A single glyphosate application controlled bermudagrass by 86% after 40 days.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- glyphosate was applied at 1.12 kg/hae0
- Interactor
- Bermudagrass
Cynodon dactylone0weed - Outcome
- Bermudagrass controle0
- Direction
- controle0
- Value
- 86%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bermudagrass control 40 d after glyphosate was applied at 1.12 kg/ha was 86% and increased to 98% when the same rate was applied sequentially.”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Sequential glyphosate increased bermudagrass control to 98%.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- the same rate was applied sequentiallye0
- Interactor
- BermudagrassCynodon dactylone0weed
- Outcome
- Bermudagrass controle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 98%e0
- Comparator
- glyphosate was applied at 1.12 kg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bermudagrass control 40 d after glyphosate was applied at 1.12 kg/ha was 86% and increased to 98% when the same rate was applied sequentially.”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing tillage with glyphosate increased bermudagrass control.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- a glyphosate application was substituted for a tillage operatione0
- Interactor
- bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0weed
- Outcome
- bermudagrasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the conventional tillage alone programe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When a glyphosate application was substituted for a tillage operation, bermudagrass and johnsongrass control was increased compared with the conventional tillage alone program”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Replacing tillage with glyphosate increased johnsongrass control.
- Taxon
- sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- a glyphosate application was substituted for a tillage operatione0
- Interactor
- johnsongrass
.jpg?width=60)
Sorghum halepensee0weed - Outcome
- johnsongrass controle0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the conventional tillage alone programe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“When a glyphosate application was substituted for a tillage operation, bermudagrass and johnsongrass control was increased compared with the conventional tillage alone program”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Fallow programs did not differ in next-year sugarcane and sugar yield.
- Taxon
- sugarcanee0
- Treatment
- various programse0
- Outcome
- sugarcane and sugar yielde0
- Direction
- not observede0
- Qualifier
- the following yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“differences in sugarcane and sugar yield among the various programs the following year were not observed.”
Claim · model-written summary
Removing one tillage operation reduced cost by $18.49/ha.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- elimination of a single tillage operatione0
- Outcome
- coste0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- $18.49/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“elimination of a single tillage operation reduced cost $18.49/ha”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding glyphosate increased cost by $43.47/ha.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- addition of glyphosate (2.8 kg/ha plus application cost)e0
- Outcome
- coste0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- $43.47/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“addition of glyphosate (2.8 kg/ha plus application cost) increased cost $43.47/ha”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
The conventional tillage alone fallow program cost $110.94/ha.
Verbatim
e0“Total cost for the conventional tillage–alone fallow program was $110.94/ha”
t0“Sugarcane”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbicide based reduced and no tillage programs cost $19.47 to $77.38/ha more.
- Taxon
- Sugarcanet0
- Treatment
- herbicide was used in the reduced-tillage and no-tillage programse0
- Outcome
- total coste0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- $19.47 to $77.38/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“where herbicide was used in the reduced-tillage and no-tillage programs, total cost was $19.47 to $77.38/ha more.”
t0“Sugarcane”
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