Abstract
Leaves of two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) isolines, Alg-R, which has the dominant Mla1 allele conferring hypersensitive race-specific resistance to avirulent races of Blumeria graminis, and Alg-S, which has the recessive mla1 allele for susceptibility to attack, were inoculated with B. graminis f. sp. hordei. Total leaf and apoplastic antioxidants were measured 24 h after inoculation when maximum numbers of attacked cells showed hypersensitive death in Alg-R. Cytoplasmic contamination of the apoplastic extracts, judged by the marker enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, was very low (less than 2%) even in inoculated plants. Dehydroascorbate, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase were present in the apoplast. Inoculation had no effect on the total foliar ascorbate pool size or the redox state. The glutathione content of Alg-S leaves and apoplast decreased, whereas that of Alg-R leaves and apoplast increased after pathogen attack, but the redox state was unchanged in both cases. Large increases in foliar catalase activity were observed in Alg-S but not in Alg-R leaves. Pathogen-induced increases in the apoplastic antioxidant enzyme activities were observed. We conclude that sustained oxidation does not occur and that differential strategies of antioxidant response in Alg-S and Alg-R may contribute to pathogen sensitivity.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Apoplastic extracts had less than 2% cytoplasmic contamination.
- Taxon
- Barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Gene
- glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenasee0
- Outcome
- Cytoplasmic contamination of the apoplastic extractse0
- Value
- less than 2%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Barley”
e0“Cytoplasmic contamination of the apoplastic extracts, judged by the marker enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, was very low (less than 2%) even in inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The apoplast contained dehydroascorbate, glutathione and six antioxidant enzymes.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- apoplaste0
- Outcome
- Dehydroascorbate, glutathione, superoxide dismutasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley”
e0“Dehydroascorbate, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase were present in the apoplast”
Claim · model-written summary
The apoplast contained catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- apoplaste0
- Outcome
- catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley”
e0“Dehydroascorbate, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase were present in the apoplast”
Claim · model-written summary
The apoplast contained monodehydroascorbate and dehydroascorbate reductases.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Organ / stage
- apoplaste0
- Outcome
- monodehydroascorbate reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley”
e0“Dehydroascorbate, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase were present in the apoplast”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation did not change foliar ascorbate pool size or redox state.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Inoculatione0
- Outcome
- total foliar ascorbate pool size or the redox statee0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley”
e0“Inoculation had no effect on the total foliar ascorbate pool size or the redox state”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen attack lowered glutathione in Alg-S leaves and apoplast.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Alg-Se0
- Treatment
- pathogen attacke0
- Outcome
- glutathione content of Alg-S leaves and apoplaste0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley”
e0“The glutathione content of Alg-S leaves and apoplast decreased, whereas that of Alg-R leaves and apoplast increased after pathogen attack”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen attack raised glutathione in Alg-R leaves and apoplast.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Alg-Re0
- Treatment
- pathogen attacke0
- Outcome
- glutathione contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley”
e0“The glutathione content of Alg-S leaves and apoplast decreased, whereas that of Alg-R leaves and apoplast increased after pathogen attack”
Claim · model-written summary
Glutathione redox state remained unchanged in both isolines.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- redox statee0
- Direction
- unchangede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley”
e0“but the redox state was unchanged in both cases”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar catalase activity increased greatly in Alg-S leaves.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Alg-Se0
- Outcome
- foliar catalase activitye0
- Direction
- Large increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley”
e0“Large increases in foliar catalase activity were observed in Alg-S but not in Alg-R leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar catalase activity did not increase in Alg-R leaves.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Alg-Re0
- Outcome
- foliar catalase activitye0
- Direction
- note0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley”
e0“Large increases in foliar catalase activity were observed in Alg-S but not in Alg-R leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen inoculation increased apoplastic antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- BarleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Pathogen-inducede0
- Outcome
- apoplastic antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Barley”
e0“Pathogen-induced increases in the apoplastic antioxidant enzyme activities were observed”
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.