Abstract
Addition of aluminium chloride (50 μ M Al) caused different effects on the transmembrane electrical potential (PD) of root cells in Al‐tolerant wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) cv. Kadett and Al‐sensitive cv. WW 20299. As changes in PD of plant cells may depend on transient fluxes of protons, potassium and/or calcium through cell membranes, the effect of Al was investigated on the cytosolic concentrations of these ions in protoplasts isolated from root tips of the same cultivars. The tetra[acetoxymethyl] esters of the fluorescent dyes bis‐carboxyethyl‐carboxyfluorescein, BCECF, K + ‐binding benzofuran isophthalate, PBFI, and the stilbene chromophore Fura 2‐AM were used to determine pH, K + and Ca 2+ , respectively. Changes in fluorescence ratios, directly reflecting changes in [H + ], [K + ] and [Ca 2+ ] in the cytosol, were determined by photometry fluorescence microscopy. Additions and removals of Al to and from both cultivars caused hyperpolarizations and depolarizations, respectively, but only in the sensitive cv. WW 20299 did the resting PD decrease gradually. Addition of Al to the protoplasts caused rapid changes in cytosolic pH, free [K + ] and [Ca 2+ ]. In both cultivars Al caused a transient oscillating increase in cytosolic [Ca 2+ ] for 1 or 2 min and a rapid pH‐dependent change in cytosolic [K + ]. At pH 5 the presence of K + in the medium diminished the Al‐induced decrease in cytosolic [K + ]. Aluminium (50 μ M ) induced a transient increase in cytosolic [H + ] (pH decreased) in both cultivars, but the cytosolic pH returned to its initial value only in the Al‐tolerant cv. Kadett. In the Alsensitive cv. WW 20299, repeated additions of Al caused a gradual decline in pH. Moreover, in the presence of 1 m M KCl, pH recovered completely in both cultivars. Since only the effect on pH differed in the two cultivars, the more toxic effect of Al on the cv. WW 20299 should be related to the change in pH.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium addition hyperpolarized both cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Additionse0
- Outcome
- hyperpolarizationse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additions and removals of Al to and from both cultivars caused hyperpolarizations and depolarizations, respectively”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium removal depolarized both cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- removals of Ale0
- Outcome
- depolarizationse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Additions and removals of Al to and from both cultivars caused hyperpolarizations and depolarizations, respectively”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Resting electrical potential gradually decreased only in sensitive WW 20299.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- WW 20299e0
- Outcome
- resting PDe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only in the sensitive cv. WW 20299 did the resting PD decrease gradually”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium transiently increased cytosolic calcium for one or two minutes in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ale0
- Outcome
- cytosolic [Ca 2+ ]e0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 1 or 2 mine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both cultivars Al caused a transient oscillating increase in cytosolic [Ca 2+ ] for 1 or 2 min”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium caused a rapid pH-dependent change in cytosolic potassium in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ale0
- Outcome
- cytosolic [K + ]e0
- Qualifier
- pH‐dependente0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In both cultivars Al caused a transient oscillating increase in cytosolic [Ca 2+ ] for 1 or 2 min and a rapid pH‐dependent change in cytosolic [K + ]”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Potassium in the medium diminished the aluminium-induced cytosolic potassium decrease at pH 5.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- presence of K + in the mediume0
- Outcome
- Al‐induced decrease in cytosolic [K + ]e0
- Direction
- diminishede0
- Qualifier
- At pH 5e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At pH 5 the presence of K + in the medium diminished the Al‐induced decrease in cytosolic [K + ]”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Aluminium transiently increased cytosolic hydrogen concentration and decreased pH in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Aluminium (50 μ M )e0
- Outcome
- cytosolic [H + ] (pH decreased)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Aluminium (50 μ M ) induced a transient increase in cytosolic [H + ] (pH decreased) in both cultivars”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytosolic pH returned to its initial value only in tolerant Kadett.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- Kadette0
- Outcome
- cytosolic pHe0
- Direction
- returned to its initial valuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cytosolic pH returned to its initial value only in the Al‐tolerant cv. Kadett”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
Repeated aluminium additions gradually decreased pH in sensitive WW 20299.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- WW 20299e0
- Treatment
- repeated additions of Ale0
- Outcome
- pHe0
- Direction
- declinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In the Alsensitive cv. WW 20299, repeated additions of Al caused a gradual decline in pH”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
With 1 m M KCl, pH recovered completely in both cultivars.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 1 m M KCle0
- Outcome
- pHe0
- Direction
- recovered completelye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the presence of 1 m M KCl, pH recovered completely in both cultivars”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors relate greater aluminium toxicity in WW 20299 to its pH change.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Material
- WW 20299e0
- Outcome
- more toxic effect of Ale0
- Qualifier
- change in pHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the more toxic effect of Al on the cv. WW 20299 should be related to the change in pH”
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
The same questions in other papers
potassium chloride · soil: chemistry · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
aluminium atom · soil: chemistry · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
in vitro · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.