Abstract
Field studies were conducted in 2007 and 2008 at seven sites in Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois to determine the effect of PRE herbicide and POST application timing on weed control and yield of glyphosate-resistant corn. Levels of PRE herbicide included none; low—atrazine; medium—atrazine and metolachlor; and high—atrazine, mesotrione, and metolachlor. Glyphosate was applied POST when corn was 30 cm tall, or 1 or 2 wk later. Common lambsquarters, giant foxtail, and giant ragweed infested at least six of the seven sites, and other weed species occurred at two to three sites. Control of weeds at the time of POST application ranged from 48 to 91%, 58 to 99%, and 87 to 100% for the low, medium, and high levels of PRE herbicide, respectively, averaged over POST application timing. Control of giant foxtail and redroot pigweed decreased by about 20% between the second and third POST timing, averaged over PRE herbicide, but control of other weeds was similar among timings. Late-season control of common ragweed, velvetleaf, common lambsquarters, and Pennsylvania smartweed exceeded 90%, regardless of PRE herbicide or POST timing. Control of redroot pigweed, ivyleaf morningglory, and giant ragweed was as low as 74, 67, and 83%, respectively, but the high level of PRE herbicide resulted in 90 to 97% control of these weeds. An interaction between PRE herbicide and POST timing for late-season control of giant foxtail, tall waterhemp, and yellow nutsedge reflected the more effective control among POST timings from the higher levels of PRE herbicide. The overall trend in this study was for more effective weed control in PRE/POST herbicide programs with more comprehensive PRE herbicides that have substantial activity on both grass and broadleaf weeds. Highest yield occurred where the PRE treatment consisted of a two- or three-way combination of herbicides applied at 50% of the recommended rate or higher. Yield was reduced at all POST timings with atrazine alone or in the absence of PRE herbicide.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Low PRE herbicide achieved 48 to 91% weed control at POST application.
- Taxon
- Corn
Zea mays subsp. mayst0 - Treatment
- lowe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- Control of weedse0
- Value
- 48 to 91%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of weeds at the time of POST application ranged from 48 to 91%, 58 to 99%, and 87 to 100% for the low, medium, and high levels of PRE herbicide, respectively”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Medium PRE herbicide achieved 58 to 99% weed control at POST application.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- mediume0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- Control of weedse0
- Value
- 58 to 99%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of weeds at the time of POST application ranged from 48 to 91%, 58 to 99%, and 87 to 100% for the low, medium, and high levels of PRE herbicide, respectively”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
High PRE herbicide achieved 87 to 100% weed control at POST application.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- highe0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- Control of weedse0
- Value
- 87 to 100%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of weeds at the time of POST application ranged from 48 to 91%, 58 to 99%, and 87 to 100% for the low, medium, and high levels of PRE herbicide, respectively”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Giant foxtail control dropped about 20% between second and third POST timings.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- third POST timinge0
- Interactor
- giant foxtaile0weed
- Outcome
- Control of giant foxtaile0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- about 20%e0
- Comparator
- seconde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of giant foxtail and redroot pigweed decreased by about 20% between the second and third POST timing”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Redroot pigweed control dropped about 20% between second and third POST timings.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- third POST timinge0
- Interactor
- redroot pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- redroot pigweede0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- about 20%e0
- Comparator
- seconde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of giant foxtail and redroot pigweed decreased by about 20% between the second and third POST timing”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Late-season control of four named weeds exceeded 90% across programs.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- common ragweed
Ambrosia artemisiifoliae0weed - Outcome
- Late-season control of common ragweed, velvetleaf, common lambsquarters, and Pennsylvania smartweede0
- Direction
- exceedede0
- Value
- 90%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Late-season control of common ragweed, velvetleaf, common lambsquarters, and Pennsylvania smartweed exceeded 90%”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Redroot pigweed control was as low as 74%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- redroot pigweede0weed
- Outcome
- Control of redroot pigweede0
- Direction
- as low ase0
- Value
- 74e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of redroot pigweed, ivyleaf morningglory, and giant ragweed was as low as 74, 67, and 83%, respectively”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Ivyleaf morningglory control was as low as 67%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- ivyleaf morningglory
Ipomoea hederaceae0weed - Outcome
- ivyleaf morningglorye0
- Direction
- as low ase0
- Value
- 67e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Control of redroot pigweed, ivyleaf morningglory, and giant ragweed was as low as 74, 67, and 83%, respectively”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Giant ragweed control was as low as 83%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Interactor
- giant ragweed
.jpg?width=60)
Ambrosia trifidae0weed - Outcome
- giant ragweede0
- Direction
- as low ase0
- Value
- 83%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Control of redroot pigweed, ivyleaf morningglory, and giant ragweed was as low as 74, 67, and 83%, respectively”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
High PRE herbicide controlled these weeds by 90 to 97%.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- high level of PRE herbicidee0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- control of these weedse0
- Value
- 90 to 97%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the high level of PRE herbicide resulted in 90 to 97% control of these weeds”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher PRE levels improved late-season control across POST timings for three weeds.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- higher levels of PRE herbicidee0
- Outcome
- controle0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more effective control among POST timings from the higher levels of PRE herbicide”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
More comprehensive PRE herbicides generally improved weed control.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- more comprehensive PRE herbicidese0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed controle0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more effective weed control in PRE/POST herbicide programs with more comprehensive PRE herbicides”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest corn yield occurred with two- or three-way PRE combinations at at least half recommended rate.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- two- or three-way combination of herbicides applied at 50% of the recommended rate or highere0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- Higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest yield occurred where the PRE treatment consisted of a two- or three-way combination of herbicides applied at 50% of the recommended rate or higher”
t0“Corn”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield fell at all POST timings with atrazine alone or no PRE herbicide.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- atrazine alonee0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- absence of PRE herbicidee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield was reduced at all POST timings with atrazine alone or in the absence of PRE herbicide”
t0“Corn”
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