Abstract
Microplots were used to evaluate the impact of soil texture on Meloidogyne incognita, Thielaviopsis basicola, and their interaction on cotton. A native silt loam soil (48% sand) and four different artificial soil textures produced by mixing native soil with sand (53, 70, 74, and 87% sand) were studied. Each soil texture was infested with 0, 4, or 8 M. incognita eggs and 0 or 20 T. basicola chlamydospore chains per gram of soil in a factorial treatment arrangement. Plots were watered when soil moisture fell below -10 joules/kg for the first 21 days and -30 joules/kg from 22 days to harvest. Plant growth was suppressed early in the season and midseason by T. basicola. M. incognita suppressed plant growth and delayed plant development late in the season across all soil textures. Cotton yield was lower in the presence of either T. basicola or M. incognita. An interaction between M. incognita and T. basicola, which decreased plant growth and yield, occurred in 2006 when neither pathogen caused substantial plant damage. Plant growth, development, and yield were lowest in soils with >74% sand. Root colonization by T. basicola and fungal reproduction and survival decreased in soil having 87% sand. M. incognita generally caused more galling and reproduction in soils as sand content increased. Root galling severity and M. incognita reproduction were suppressed by the presence of T. basicola in soil at sand contents lower than 87%. Soil texture had a greater impact on T. basicola than on M. incognita in this study.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
T. basicola suppressed cotton plant growth early and midseason.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- T. basicolae0
- Interactor
- T. basicola
Berkeleyomyces basicolae0pathogen - Outcome
- Plant growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Qualifier
- early in the season and midseasone0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant growth was suppressed early in the season and midseason by T. basicola”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita suppressed cotton plant growth late in the season across all soil textures.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- M. incognitae1
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae1pathogen - Outcome
- plant growthe1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Qualifier
- late in the season across all soil texturese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“M. incognita suppressed plant growth and delayed plant development late in the season across all soil textures”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita delayed cotton plant development late in the season across all soil textures.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- M. incognitae1
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae1pathogen
- Outcome
- plant developmente1
- Direction
- delayede1
- Qualifier
- late in the season across all soil texturese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“M. incognita suppressed plant growth and delayed plant development late in the season across all soil textures”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton yield was lower in the presence of T. basicola.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- presence of either T. basicolae2
- Interactor
- T. basicolaBerkeleyomyces basicolae2pathogen
- Outcome
- Cotton yielde2
- Direction
- lowere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Cotton yield was lower in the presence of either T. basicola or M. incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton yield was lower in the presence of M. incognita.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutume2
- Treatment
- presence of either T. basicola or M. incognitae2
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae2pathogen
- Outcome
- Cotton yielde2
- Direction
- lowere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Cotton yield was lower in the presence of either T. basicola or M. incognita”
Claim · model-written summary
An interaction between M. incognita and T. basicola decreased cotton plant growth and yield in 2006, when neither pathogen alone caused substantial plant damage.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- interaction between M. incognita and T. basicolae3
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae3pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. basicolaBerkeleyomyces basicolae3pathogen
- Outcome
- plant growth and yielde3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Qualifier
- occurred in 2006 when neither pathogen caused substantial plant damagee3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“An interaction between M. incognita and T. basicola, which decreased plant growth and yield, occurred in 2006 when neither pathogen caused substantial plant damage”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton plant growth, development and yield were lowest in soils with more than 74% sand.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- soils with >74% sande4
- Outcome
- Plant growth, development, and yielde4
- Direction
- loweste4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Plant growth, development, and yield were lowest in soils with >74% sand”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Root colonization by T. basicola and its reproduction and survival decreased in soil with 87% sand.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- soil having 87% sande5
- Interactor
- T. basicolaBerkeleyomyces basicolae5pathogen
- Outcome
- Root colonization by T. basicola and fungal reproduction and survivale5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Root colonization by T. basicola and fungal reproduction and survival decreased in soil having 87% sand”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita generally caused more galling and reproduction in soils as sand content increased.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- sand contente6
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae6pathogen
- Outcome
- galling and reproductione6
- Direction
- moree6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“M. incognita generally caused more galling and reproduction in soils as sand content increased”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Root galling severity and M. incognita reproduction were suppressed by the presence of T. basicola in soil at sand contents lower than 87%.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- presence of T. basicolae7
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae7pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. basicolaBerkeleyomyces basicolae7pathogen
- Outcome
- Root galling severity and M. incognita reproductione7
- Direction
- suppressede7
- Qualifier
- sand contents lower than 87%e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Root galling severity and M. incognita reproduction were suppressed by the presence of T. basicola in soil at sand contents lower than 87%”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil texture had a greater impact on T. basicola than on M. incognita.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- T. basicolaBerkeleyomyces basicolae7pathogen
- Second interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae7pathogen
- Outcome
- greater impact on T. basicola than on M. incognitae7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“Soil texture had a greater impact on T. basicola than on M. incognita in this study”
t0“Cotton”
The same questions in other papers
Berkeleyomyces basicola · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Meloidogyne incognita · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Berkeleyomyces basicola · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Meloidogyne incognita · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
6 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- no effect
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →growing medium · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.