Abstract
The root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, and the seedling pathogen, Thielaviopsis basicola, commonly co-exist in Arkansas cotton fields and may interact resulting in increased losses. The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of soil physical parameters on these soilborne pathogens and cotton growth in controlled environmental, field, and microplot studies. Controlled environmental experiments used two soil bulk densities and four pathogen treatments: non-infested soil, soil infested with M. incognita or T. basicola and soil infested with both pathogens. The results indicated bulk density generally did not affect seedling growth or disease since soils had low penetration resistance under well-watered conditions. The combination of M. incognita with T. basicola reduced seedling stands and root volume more than either pathogen alone. Both M. incognita and T. basicola reduced root topological characters, but only M. incognita changed the root topological index. The effects of subsoiling and application of the nematicide 1,3-dichloropropene (Telone II®) on root system development and plant growth were investigated from 2009 to 2011 in a cotton field in northeastern Arkansas. Subsoiling did not consistently affect early season growth. Nematicide treatment consistently improved seedling growth for one or more parameters in 2010 and 2011. Root galling and the population of M. incognita were suppressed by Telone II®. Neither subsoiling nor nematicide application affected cotton development or root topology. The effects of a soil hard pan (HP) and M. incognita on cotton root architecture and plant growth were evaluated in a microplot study in 2010 and 2011 at Hope, Arkansas. An artificial HP was created 20 cm below the soil surface in half of the microplots. Pathogen treatments included soil infested with T. basicola plus four different M. incognita levels (0, 4, 8, 12 eggs/cm3 soil). Generally, soil HP improved seedling growth due to higher soil water contents above the HP layer. M. incognita reduced taproot length, delayed cotton maturity and reduced seed cotton yield. Root topology provides a new approach to quantify the changes caused by soilborne pathogens and soil physical factors and will help in crop management in the future.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Bulk density generally did not affect cotton seedling growth or disease under well-watered conditions.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- bulk densitye0
- Outcome
- seedling growth or diseasee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Qualifier
- under well-watered conditionse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bulk density generally did not affect seedling growth or disease since soils had low penetration resistance under well-watered conditions”
t0“cotton root architecture and plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined M. incognita and T. basicola reduced cotton seedling stands more than either pathogen alone.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- The combination of M. incognita with T. basicolae0
- Interactor
- M. incognita
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogyne incognitae0pathogen - Second interactor
- T. basicola
Berkeleyomyces basicolae0pathogen - Outcome
- seedling standse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- either pathogen alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“The combination of M. incognita with T. basicola reduced seedling stands and root volume more than either pathogen alone”
t0“cotton root architecture and plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined pathogens reduced cotton root volume more than either alone.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- The combination of M. incognita with T. basicolae0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Second interactor
- T. basicolaBerkeleyomyces basicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- root volumee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- either pathogen alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combination of M. incognita with T. basicola reduced seedling stands and root volume more than either pathogen alone”
t0“cotton root architecture and plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita reduced cotton root topological characters.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- M. incognitae0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- root topological characterse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both M. incognita and T. basicola reduced root topological characters, but only M. incognita changed the root topological index”
t0“cotton root architecture and plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
T. basicola reduced cotton root topological characters.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- T. basicolae0
- Interactor
- T. basicolaBerkeleyomyces basicolae0pathogen
- Outcome
- root topological characterse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both M. incognita and T. basicola reduced root topological characters”
t0“cotton root architecture and plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Only M. incognita changed cotton root topological index.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- M. incognitae0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- root topological indexe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“only M. incognita changed the root topological index”
t0“cotton root architecture and plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsoiling did not consistently affect early season cotton growth.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Subsoilinge0
- Outcome
- early season growthe0
- Direction
- did not consistently affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsoiling did not consistently affect early season growth”
t0“cotton root architecture and plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Nematicide improved cotton seedling growth in 2010 and 2011.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Nematicide treatmente0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- in 2010 and 2011e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nematicide treatment consistently improved seedling growth for one or more parameters in 2010 and 2011”
t0“cotton root architecture and plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Telone II suppressed cotton root galling.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Telone II®e0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- Root gallinge0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root galling and the population of M. incognita were suppressed by Telone II®”
t0“cotton root architecture and plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Telone II suppressed M. incognita population in cotton.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Telone II®e0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- the population of M. incognitae0
- Direction
- suppressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root galling and the population of M. incognita were suppressed by Telone II®”
t0“cotton root architecture and plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither subsoiling nor nematicide affected cotton development or root topology.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- subsoiling nor nematicide applicatione0
- Outcome
- cotton development or root topologye0
- Direction
- Neithere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither subsoiling nor nematicide application affected cotton development or root topology”
Claim · model-written summary
A soil hard pan generally improved cotton seedling growth.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- soil HPe0
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- higher soil water contents above the HP layere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Generally, soil HP improved seedling growth due to higher soil water contents above the HP layer”
t0“cotton root architecture and plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita reduced cotton taproot length.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- M. incognitae0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- taproot lengthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M. incognita reduced taproot length, delayed cotton maturity and reduced seed cotton yield”
t0“cotton root architecture and plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita delayed cotton maturity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- M. incognitae0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- cotton maturitye0
- Direction
- delayede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M. incognita reduced taproot length, delayed cotton maturity and reduced seed cotton yield”
Claim · model-written summary
M. incognita reduced seed cotton yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Treatment
- M. incognitae0
- Interactor
- M. incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae0pathogen
- Outcome
- seed cotton yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“M. incognita reduced taproot length, delayed cotton maturity and reduced seed cotton yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Root topology offers a way to quantify changes from soilborne pathogens and soil physical factors.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- a new approach to quantify the changes caused by soilborne pathogens and soil physical factorse0
Not reportedValue
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root topology provides a new approach to quantify the changes caused by soilborne pathogens and soil physical factors”
t0“cotton root architecture and plant growth”
The same questions in other papers
Meloidogyne incognita · phenology · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
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See all 36 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.