Abstract
Casein kinases are critical in cell division and differentiation across species. A rice cDNA fragment encoding a putative casein kinase I (CKI) was identified via cDNA macroarray under brassinosteroid (BR) treatment, and a 1939-bp full-length cDNA, OsCKI1, was isolated and found to encode a putative 463-aa protein. RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis indicated that OsCKI1 was constitutively expressed in various rice tissues and upregulated by treatments with BR and abscisic acid (ABA). Enzymatic assay of recombinant OsCKI1 proteins expressed in Escherichia coli showed that the protein was capable of phosphorylating casein. The physiological roles of OsCKI1 were studied through antisense transgenic approaches, and homozygous transgenic plants showed abnormal root development, including fewer lateral and adventitious roots, and shortened primary roots as a result of reduced cell elongation. Treatment of wild-type plants with CKI-7, a specific inhibitor of CKI, also confirmed these functions of OsCKI1. Interestingly, in transgenic and CKI-7-treated plants, exogenously supplied IAA could restore normal root development, and measurement of free IAA content in CKI-deficient primary and adventitious roots revealed altered auxin content, indicating that OsCKI1 is involved in auxin metabolism or that it may affect auxin levels. Transgenic plants were less sensitive than control plants to ABA or BR treatment during germination, suggesting that OsCKI1 may be involved in various hormone-signaling pathways. OsCKI1-GFP fusion studies revealed the localization of OsCKI1 to the nucleus, suggesting a possible involvement in regulation of gene expression. In OsCKI1-deficient plants, differential gene expression was investigated using cDNA chip technology, and results indicated that genes related to signal transduction and hormone metabolism were indeed with altered expression.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
A full-length 1939-bp OsCKI1 cDNA encoded a putative 463-aa protein.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Gene
- OsCKI1e0
- Outcome
- encode a putative 463-aa proteine0
- Value
- 1939-bpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 1939-bp full-length cDNA, OsCKI1, was isolated and found to encode a putative 463-aa protein.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCKI1 was constitutively expressed across rice tissues.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- OsCKI1e0
- Outcome
- constitutively expressed in various rice tissuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsCKI1 was constitutively expressed in various rice tissues”
Claim · model-written summary
BR treatment upregulated OsCKI1 expression.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsCKI1 was constitutively expressed in various rice tissues and upregulated by treatments with BR and abscisic acid (ABA).”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA treatment upregulated OsCKI1 expression.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- abscisic acid (ABA)e0
- Gene
- OsCKI1e0
- Outcome
- OsCKI1e0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsCKI1 was constitutively expressed in various rice tissues and upregulated by treatments with BR and abscisic acid (ABA).”
Claim · model-written summary
Recombinant OsCKI1 phosphorylated casein.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsCKI1e1
- Outcome
- phosphorylating caseine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the protein was capable of phosphorylating casein.”
e1“Enzymatic assay of recombinant OsCKI1 proteins expressed in Escherichia coli”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCKI1 antisense plants had fewer lateral and adventitious roots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- homozygous transgenic plantse0
- Gene
- OsCKI1e1
- Outcome
- lateral and adventitious rootse0
- Direction
- fewere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“homozygous transgenic plants showed abnormal root development, including fewer lateral and adventitious roots, and shortened primary roots as a result of reduced cell elongation.”
e1“The physiological roles of OsCKI1 were studied through antisense transgenic approaches”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCKI1 antisense plants had shorter primary roots due to reduced cell elongation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- homozygous transgenic plantse0
- Gene
- OsCKI1e1
- Outcome
- primary rootse0
- Direction
- shortenede0
- Qualifier
- as a result of reduced cell elongatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“homozygous transgenic plants showed abnormal root development, including fewer lateral and adventitious roots, and shortened primary roots as a result of reduced cell elongation.”
e1“The physiological roles of OsCKI1 were studied through antisense transgenic approaches”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CKI-7 treatment confirmed OsCKI1 functions in root development.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- CKI-7e0
- Gene
- OsCKI1e0
- Outcome
- these functions of OsCKI1e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of wild-type plants with CKI-7, a specific inhibitor of CKI, also confirmed these functions of OsCKI1.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous IAA restored normal root development in OsCKI1 antisense plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenously supplied IAAe0
- Outcome
- normal root developmente0
- Direction
- restoree0
- Qualifier
- transgenice0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in transgenic and CKI-7-treated plants, exogenously supplied IAA could restore normal root development”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous IAA restored normal root development in CKI-7-treated plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- exogenously supplied IAAe0
- Outcome
- normal root developmente0
- Direction
- restoree0
- Qualifier
- CKI-7-treated plantse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in transgenic and CKI-7-treated plants, exogenously supplied IAA could restore normal root development”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
CKI-deficient roots had altered free IAA content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- primary and adventitious rootse0
- Gene
- CKIe0
- Outcome
- free IAA contente0
- Direction
- alterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“measurement of free IAA content in CKI-deficient primary and adventitious roots revealed altered auxin content”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCKI1 antisense plants were less sensitive to ABA during germination than controls.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- germinatione0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- sensitivee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic plants were less sensitive than control plants to ABA or BR treatment during germination”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCKI1 antisense plants were less sensitive to BR during germination than controls.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- germinatione0
- Treatment
- BRe0
- Outcome
- sensitivee0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transgenic plants were less sensitive than control plants to ABA or BR treatment during germination”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
OsCKI1 localized to the nucleus.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- OsCKI1e0
- Outcome
- localization of OsCKI1 to the nucleuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“OsCKI1-GFP fusion studies revealed the localization of OsCKI1 to the nucleus”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Genes related to signal transduction and hormone metabolism had altered expression in OsCKI1-deficient plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- genes related to signal transduction and hormone metabolisme0
- Outcome
- altered expressione0
- Direction
- alterede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In OsCKI1-deficient plants, differential gene expression was investigated using cDNA chip technology, and results indicated that genes related to signal transduction and hormone metabolism were indeed with altered expression.”
t0“rice”
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