Abstract
BACKGROUND: Plants respond to extracellularly perceived abiotic stresses such as low temperature, drought, and salinity by activation of complex intracellular signaling cascades that regulate acclimatory biochemical and physiological changes. Protein kinases are major signal transduction factors that have a central role in mediating acclimation to environmental changes in eukaryotic organisms. In this study, we characterized the function of the sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinase2 (SnRK2) SAPK4 in the salt stress response of rice. RESULTS: Translational fusion of SAPK4 with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) showed subcellular localization in cytoplasm and nucleus. To examine the role of SAPK4 in salt tolerance we generated transgenic rice plants with over-expression of rice SAPK4 under control of the CaMV-35S promoter. Induced expression of SAPK4 resulted in improved germination, growth and development under salt stress both in seedlings and mature plants. In response to salt stress, the SAPK4-overexpressing rice accumulated less Na+ and Cl- and showed improved photosynthesis. SAPK4-regulated genes with functions in ion homeostasis and oxidative stress response were identified: the vacuolar H+-ATPase, the Na+/H+ antiporter NHX1, the Cl- channel OsCLC1 and a catalase. CONCLUSION: Our results show that SAPK4 regulates ion homeostasis and growth and development under salinity and suggest function of SAPK4 as a regulatory factor in plant salt stress acclimation. Identification of signaling elements involved in stress adaptation in plants presents a powerful approach to identify transcriptional activators of adaptive mechanisms to environmental changes that have the potential to improve tolerance in crop plants.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Translational fusion of SAPK4 with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) showed subcellular localization in cytoplasm and nucleus.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Gene
- SAPK4e0
- Outcome
- subcellular localization in cytoplasm and nucleuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Translational fusion of SAPK4 with the green fluorescent protein (GFP) showed subcellular localization in cytoplasm and nucleus.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Induced expression of SAPK4 resulted in improved germination, growth and development under salt stress both in seedlings and mature plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Induced expression of SAPK4e0
- Gene
- SAPK4e0
- Outcome
- germination, growth and developmente0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Induced expression of SAPK4 resulted in improved germination, growth and development under salt stress both in seedlings and mature plants.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
the SAPK4-overexpressing rice accumulated less Na+ and Cl- and showed improved photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- SAPK4-overexpressing ricee0
- Treatment
- SAPK4-overexpressinge0
- Outcome
- accumulated less Na+ and Cl-e0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the SAPK4-overexpressing rice accumulated less Na+ and Cl- and showed improved photosynthesis.”
Claim · model-written summary
the SAPK4-overexpressing rice accumulated less Na+ and Cl- and showed improved photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- SAPK4-overexpressing ricee0
- Treatment
- SAPK4-overexpressinge0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the SAPK4-overexpressing rice accumulated less Na+ and Cl- and showed improved photosynthesis.”
Claim · model-written summary
SAPK4-regulated genes with functions in ion homeostasis and oxidative stress response were identified: the vacuolar H+-ATPase, the Na+/H+ antiporter NHX1, the Cl- channel OsCLC1 and a catalase.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- SAPK4e0
- Outcome
- genes with functions in ion homeostasis and oxidative stress response were identifiede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SAPK4-regulated genes with functions in ion homeostasis and oxidative stress response were identified: the vacuolar H+-ATPase, the Na+/H+ antiporter NHX1, the Cl- channel OsCLC1 and a catalase.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
SAPK4 regulates ion homeostasis and growth and development under salinity
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- SAPK4e0
- Outcome
- ion homeostasis and growth and developmente0
- Qualifier
- under salinitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SAPK4 regulates ion homeostasis and growth and development under salinity”
t0“rice”
The same questions in other papers
transgenic · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
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